【中國新聞社和中國新聞網記者】

謝謝主持人?？偫砟愫?。據了解，現在有些地方的養老金發放已經出現困難，一些市縣在靠貸款發放養老金。請問總理，中央政府是坐視不管還是準備為他們買單？謝謝。
Governments in some localities are having difficulty in paying pension benefits. Governments of some cities and counties have even borrowed money to make the payments. My question is, will the central government sit by and be hands off, or will the central government foot their bills?

【李克強】

你提的這個問題的確很尖銳，如實告訴你，確實有個別地方發生了養老金發放困難的問題，但這是一地之難、一時之急。中國現在實施的是養老金省級統籌，省級政府有責任、也有能力通過多方籌集資金，來保證養老金的發放，確有突出困難的，只要地方政府盡力了，中央政府是會給予補助的。這三年中央財政就拿了上萬億元，但有一條，地方必須盡職盡責，而且中央政府要督促養老金按時足額發放。
You raised quite a sharp question. Honestly speaking, it is true that some localities have found it hard to make pension benefits payments, but these are only isolated cases. Now the pension schemes in China are managed at the provincial level. Our provincial governments have the responsibility and capability to raise funds through various channels to ensure the payments for pension benefits. If local governments have done their best, but still have special difficulty, the central government is prepared to extend help. In the past three years, the central government has earmarked one trillion yuan in this respect, make no mistake, local governments must exert their utmost, and the central government will supervise local governments to make sure that pension benefits are paid on time and in full.

大家都有退休、都有需要養老的一天，這里我想做個安民告示，從全面長期來看，中國政府對中國公民保證養老金發放是沒有問題的。我們去年養老保險收支結余3400多億元，累計結余34000多億元，我們還有全國的社會保障基金儲備16000億元沒有動，同時還能夠劃撥國有資產來充實養老基金。所以可以肯定地說，老有所養不會、也絕不能是一句空話。謝謝。
One day, we will all be retired and live on pension benefits. So here's the message of reassurance. That is, nationally speaking and in the long run, there will absolutely be no problem in meeting pension payments by the Chinese government. Last year, the surplus of our pension insurance schemes was still at 340 billion yuan, and accumulative balance was 3.4 trillion yuan. Moreover, we still have the central social security fund, which is worth 1.6 trillion yuan, as a strategic reserve that has not been touched, and we can also use State-owned assets to replenish the social security fund. So, ensuring that the elderly will be provided for cannot and will not be an empty promise.

【彭博新聞社記者】

去年在同樣的場合您曾經說過，中國政府會繼續下定決心推動壯士斷腕的改革，在今年的政府工作報告當中，您說中國經濟需要至少保持6.5%的增速。同時不同的政府部門官員也表示，在化解過剩產能過程中不會出現下崗潮。所以我想問您，如何解決好保持中國經濟的一定增速以及避免可能會產生不穩定影響的下崗問題，如何確保不會影響您本人所說的對中國經濟發展至關重要的改革議程的推進。
Bloomberg News: Mr Premier, in this news room last year you said China is determined to press ahead with reform that would be as painful as taking a knife to one's own flesh, and in this year's government report you talked about the need for a minimum 6.5 percent growth target, and we have also heard local officials saying there will not be layoffs as China presses ahead with overcapacity. So I am wondering how would you address concerns that the growth target and the desire to avoid potentially layoffs would bind China's hands and make it impossible to press ahead with reform that you said is crucial for Chinese economy?

【李克強】

你問問題的時候很嚴肅，讓我略有沉重。我可以肯定地說，中國會堅定不移地推進改革，改革和發展是不矛盾的，我們恰恰可以通過結構性改革來釋放市場活力，支撐經濟的發展。但在這個過程中，我們也看到，的確產生了一些比較嚴重的過剩產能，主要是在重化工領域，現在我們已經選擇了鋼鐵、煤炭這兩個領域在去產能上先行突破，與此同時要避免出現大規模的下崗潮。
One thing is certain: that we are determined to push ahead with our reform agenda. Reform and development are not in conflict with pursuing structural reform. We can further release market vitality and drive economic development. It is true that in some sectors there are serious problems of overcapacity, especially in heavy industries and petrochemical industries. We have selected the steel and coal sectors to start with the effort of cutting overcapacity and at the same time we will also avoid massive layoffs.

過去兩年，我們在鋼鐵領域淘汰了上億噸的產能，涉及到上百萬職工。由于我們高度重視保護職工的合法權益，保證了大量的職工轉崗或得到妥善安置，可以說積累了經驗。下一步要推進去產能，我們必須做到產能要去，但大量職工的飯碗不能丟，而且爭取讓他們拿上新飯碗。對于一時尚不能夠做到的，中央財政和地方財政有能力進行妥善安置。中央已經建立了1000億元主要用于轉崗安置的專項資金，如有需要還可以增加。當然，地方政府相應配套要跟上，我們需要做到的是雙贏，在去產能、促發展、穩就業之間達到一個平衡，最終在去產能的過程中，實現重化工領域的持續健康發展。謝謝！
In the past two years, we have been faced with up to one hundred million tons of steel making capacity involving some one million employees, with a high priority given to protecting the interests of employees. We have taken strong steps to resettle these people and give them re-employment opportunities, and good experience have been enjoyed from the process. In a word, we will press ahead to deal with overcapacity and at the same time make sure that there will not be mass job losses. We will assign possible laid off people to new jobs and for those who still have difficulties in getting employment opportunities, the central and local government have financial resources to cover layoffs. The central government has established a 100 billion yuan fund in this respect, and if there is a need we could increase that amount. In the meantime, local governments have to do their own jobs. We hope to make it a win-win process and will strive to strike a proper balance in between. In the process we hope that by cutting overcapacity in those heavy industries, we will bring about a sustained and sound growth in these sectors.

【人民日報、人民網和人民日報客戶端記者】

謝謝主持人?？偫砟?。您剛才提到了通過簡政放權激發市場活力，我就想提問一個關于簡政放權的問題。我們注意到，簡政放權的改革已經進行了幾年，但也有一些企業和群眾反映，現在很多事辦起來還很難，特別是一些事情在辦理的過程當中有找不到門的感覺。請問總理，針對這種現象和問題，您下一步準備怎么辦？謝謝。
People's Daily: Just now you said that the government will continue to streamline administration and delegate power to stimulate market vitality, so my question is about this government reform. This reform has been going on for several years, but some companies and people still feel that it's difficult for them to get some things done. In some cases, they even feel quite at a loss as to what to do. My question is, what will the government do to proceed with this reform?

【李克強】

很高興能夠一石三鳥，不過不是打，而是答。簡政放權可以說是轉變政府職能的關鍵，三年前就在這里，我曾經明確表示過，本屆政府減少審批事項要達到1/3，現在這個目標已經提前實現了。根據第三方評估，多數企業和群眾對這樣做還是比較滿意的，但與此同時，確實還存在許多問題，有更高的期待。
Streamlining administration and delegating powers holds the key to transforming governments' functions. Three years ago, on the same occasion, I promised that this government would cut the number of items that require State Council review and approval by one-third during its term. We have already fulfilled this target. Based on third-party evaluations, most of the companies and our people are satisfied with the progress of the reform. Yet, some problems still exist, and our people expect more from the government.

我們現在審批事項還是比較多，而且保留的事項當中有很多標準不統一。前幾天我到一個代表團去參加審議，就有代表說他們要辦一個醫養結合的養老機構，群眾很歡迎，但是這涉及到養老機構準入、醫保定點、收費審批等，要跑多個部門，關鍵是這些部門的標準還不統一，所以讓他一頭霧水，像你講的都找不到門了。這本身就束縛了產業的發展，也抑制了群眾消費的需求。
At present, there are still too many items that require government approval. For those items that do need to exist, there is a lack of unified standards. A few days ago, in my discussion with some representatives of NPC deputies, one of them said that they wanted to establish a local nursing home that combines medical care with elderly care. It's a very popular idea with the local people. But many of them feel quite at a loss as to what to do, because there are different standards and they need to go through a host of government review procedures, involving market access, departments in charge of designated places for medical insurance, and how fees are going to be collected or set, etc. So all these redundant procedures have held back the development of productivity and also effective consumer demand among people.

所以簡政放權必須一以貫之，哪里遇到問題、碰到阻力就要設法去解決，這是削減部門利益的事情。我們就是要用減政府權力的“痛”來換得企業、群眾辦事的“爽”。今年要下決心再砍掉一批審批事項，而且直接放給市場，即使是需要審批的也要簡化手續。
We must make persistent efforts to forge head on this government reform and wherever there is an obstacle to this reform, the government must get right on it. The reform will cut government power but we are determined to keep doing it until our job is done, as that will deliver clear benefits to our people even if the government has to make painful adjustments. This year we are determined to further cut the number of such government approval items and leave more such items to the market.

尤其是要推進標準的統一。我們這兩年推進商事制度改革，從證照合一到一證一碼，就是一個統一標準的過程。結果激發了很大的群眾創業熱情，就是到現在，每天還有近3萬個市場主體誕生。這個領域能做到，為什么其他領域就做不到？所以要給他們下達硬任務、排時間表。不僅如此，還有不少證照是沒有必要的，今年也要砍掉一半。
For those items that still exist, procedures need to be simplified. We also need to further unify existing standards. In the past few years, we deepened business system reforms. We combined the requirements for business licenses and administrative permits. We have also introduced the practice of unified business licenses with the unified social credit code. All these have tremendously unleashed the creativity and entrepreneurial enthusiasm of our people. Now, on a daily basis, as many as 30,000 new market entities get registered. We will press ahead with this reform in various respects, for example, there are still too many requirements for certificates and various permits, and this year our goal is to further cut the number of such certificate requirements by half.

對那些于法無據影響群眾的創業熱情，甚至損害群眾利益的不合理文件要堅決進行清理，該廢除的廢除。當然，我們說放權并不是說放任。營造公平競爭環境的監管措施必須到位，還要防止任性、任意地檢查，這樣簡政放權才能更有效，才能讓生產力發展起來、群眾得到好處。我們還要推動優化服務，比如像政務公開加上互聯網，讓群眾少跑腿，還能夠辦成事。謝謝。
For government documents without solid legal grounds, and that have held back the entrepreneurship of the people, or even hurt their rights and interests, they will all be cleaned up, or abrogated. But to delegate powers does not mean the government will be hands off. Instead, it needs to do a better job in ensuring a level playing field, and it also need to redress such malpractice as arbitrary regulation. We hope that throughout this process, we will further boost this productivity, and bring more benefits to the people. So the government will provide better services to the people to ensure that they can get things done with greater ease.