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第三章 保護和改善環境

Chapter III Protection and Improvement of the Environment

第二十八條 地方各級人民政府應當根據環境保護目標和治理任務，采取有效措施，改善環境質量。

Article 28. Local people's governments at various levels shall take effective measures to improve environmental quality according to environmental protection goals and governance tasks.

未達到國家環境質量標準的重點區域、流域的有關地方人民政府，應當制定限期達標規劃，并采取措施按期達標。

Local people's governments of key regions and river basins that fail to meet national environmental quality standards shall formulate plans to reach relevant standards within a prescribed time period, and take measures to achieve the compliance target on time.

第二十九條 國家在重點生態功能區、生態環境敏感區和脆弱區等區域劃定生態保護紅線，實行嚴格保護。

Article 29. The State defines ecological redline for strict protection on key ecological functional zones, areas of sensitive and fragile ecological environment.

各級人民政府對具有代表性的各種類型的自然生態系統區域，珍稀、瀕危的野生動植物自然分布區域，重要的水源涵養區域，具有重大科學文化價值的地質構造、著名溶洞和化石分布區、冰川、火山、溫泉等自然遺跡，以及人文遺跡、古樹名木，應當采取措施予以保護，嚴禁破壞。

The people's governments at various levels shall take measures to protect regions representing various types of natural ecological systems, regions with a natural distribution of rare and endangered wild animals and plants, regions where major sources of water are conserved, geological structures of major scientific and cultural value, famous regions where karst caves and fossil deposits are distributed, traces of glaciers, volcanoes and hot springs, traces of human history, and ancient and precious trees. Damage to the above shall be strictly forbidden.

第三十條 開發利用自然資源，應當合理開發，保護生物多樣性，保障生態安全，依法制定有關生態保護和恢復治理方案并予以實施。

Article 30. Exploitation and utilization of natural resources shall be developed in a rational way that conserves biological diversity and safeguards ecological security. Ecological protection and restoration programs shall be developed in accordance with laws and be implemented.

引進外來物種以及研究、開發和利用生物技術，應當采取措施，防止對生物多樣性的破壞。

For introduction of exotic species as well as the research, development and utilization of biotechnology, effective measures shall be taken to prevent destruction of biodiversity.

第三十一條 國家建立、健全生態保護補償制度。

Article 31. The State shall establish and improve ecological protection compensation mechanism.

國家加大對生態保護地區的財政轉移支付力度。有關地方人民政府應當落實生態保護補償資金，確保其用于生態保護補償。

The State will increase fiscal transfer to areas of ecological protection. Relevant local people’s governments shall secure compensation funds for ecological protection, and ensure its use on ecological compensation.

國家指導受益地區和生態保護地區人民政府通過協商或者按照市場規則進行生態保護補償。

The State provides guidance to the local people’s governments of beneficiary areas and ecological protected areas on ecological compensation through consultation or market rules.

第三十二條 國家加強對大氣、水、土壤等的保護，建立和完善相應的調查、監測、評估和修復制度。

Article 32. The State shall strengthen the protection of atmosphere, water and soil, establish and improve the corresponding investigation monitoring, assessment and remediation systems.

第三十三條 各級人民政府應當加強對農業環境的保護，促進農業環境保護新技術的使用，加強對農業污染源的監測預警，統籌有關部門采取措施，防治土壤污染和土地沙化、鹽漬化、貧瘠化、石漠化、地面沉降以及防治植被破壞、水土流失、水體富營養化、水源枯竭、種源滅絕等生態失調現象，推廣植物病蟲害的綜合防治。

Article 33. The people's governments at various levels shall enhance the protection of the agricultural environment, promote the application of new technologies for agricultural environmental protection, strengthen the monitoring and early warning system for agricultural pollution sources, and coordinate relevant departments to take measures to prevent the occurrence and deterioration of soil pollution, desertification, salinization, impoverishment, rocky desertification, and ground subsidence, prevent and control vegetation damage, soil erosion, water eutrophication, water depletion, provenance extinction and other ecological imbalances, and promote integrated plant pest management.

縣級、鄉級人民政府應當提高農村環境保護公共服務水平，推動農村環境綜合整治。

The people's governments at the county and township level shall raise the level of public services for rural environmental protection, and implement comprehensive rural environment management.

第三十四條 國務院和沿海地方各級人民政府應當加強對海洋環境的保護。向海洋排放污染物、傾倒廢棄物，進行海岸工程和海洋工程建設，應當符合法律法規規定和有關標準，防止和減少對海洋環境的污染損害。

Article 34. The State Council and the people's governments at various levels in coastal areas shall provide better protection for the marine environment. The discharge of pollutants and the dumping of wastes into the seas, and the construction of coastal projects and marine projects shall be conducted in compliance with provisions of laws and regulations and relevant standards, so as to guard against and reduce the pollution and damage of the marine environment.

第三十五條 城鄉建設應當結合當地自然環境的特點，保護植被、水域和自然景觀，加強城市園林、綠地和風景名勝區的建設與管理。

Article 35. In urban and rural construction, vegetation, waters and the natural landscape shall be protected and attention paid to the construction of gardens, green land and historic sites and scenic spots in the cities in the light of the special features of the local natural environment.

第三十六條 國家鼓勵和引導公民、法人和其他組織使用有利于保護環境的產品和再生產品，減少廢棄物的產生。

Article 36. The State shall encourage and guide citizens, legal persons and other organizations to use environmental-friendly products and recycled products to reduce waste generation.

國家機關和使用財政資金的其他組織應當優先采購和使用節能、節水、節材等有利于保護環境的產品、設備和設施。

State authorities and other institutions financed by fiscal funds shall give priority to the purchase and use of energy-efficient, water-saving, materials-saving products, equipment and facilities that support environmental protection.

第三十七條 地方各級人民政府應當采取措施，組織對生活廢棄物的分類處置、回收利用。

Article 37. Local people's governments at various levels shall take measures to organize the sorting and separation, as well as the recycling of municipal solid waste.

第三十八條 公民應當遵守環境保護法律法規，配合實施環境保護措施，按照規定對生活廢棄物進行分類放置，減少日常生活對環境造成的損害。

Article 38. Citizens shall abide by environmental protection laws and regulations, support the implementation of environmental protection measures, conduct sorting and separation of municipal solid waste in accordance with relevant regulations, and reduce damage to environment of daily life.

第三十九條 國家建立、健全環境與健康監測、調查和風險評估制度；鼓勵和組織開展環境質量對公眾健康影響的研究，采取措施預防和控制與環境污染有關的疾病。

Article 39. The State shall establish and improve environment and health monitoring, investigation and risk assessment systems; encourage and organize researches on environmental quality impacts to public health, and adopt measures to prevent and control diseases related to environmental pollution.