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八、大力推進生態(tài)文明建設

VIII. Making Great Efforts to Promote Ecological Progress

建設生態(tài)文明，是關系人民福祉、關乎民族未來的長遠大計。面對資源約束趨緊、環(huán)境污染嚴重、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)退化的嚴峻形勢，必須樹立尊重自然、順應自然、保護自然的生態(tài)文明理念，把生態(tài)文明建設放在突出地位，融入經(jīng)濟建設、政治建設、文化建設、社會建設各方面和全過程，努力建設美麗中國，實現(xiàn)中華民族永續(xù)發(fā)展。

Promoting ecological progress is a long-term task of vital importance to the people's wellbeing and China's future. Faced with increasing resource constraints, severe environmental pollution and a deteriorating ecosystem, we must raise our ecological awareness of the need to respect, accommodate to and protect nature. We must give high priority to making ecological progress and incorporate it into all aspects and the whole process of advancing economic, political, cultural, and social progress, work hard to build a beautiful country, and achieve lasting and sustainable development of the Chinese nation.

堅持節(jié)約資源和保護環(huán)境的基本國策，堅持節(jié)約優(yōu)先、保護優(yōu)先、自然恢復為主的方針，著力推進綠色發(fā)展、循環(huán)發(fā)展、低碳發(fā)展，形成節(jié)約資源和保護環(huán)境的空間格局、產(chǎn)業(yè)結構、生產(chǎn)方式、生活方式，從源頭上扭轉(zhuǎn)生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化趨勢，為人民創(chuàng)造良好生產(chǎn)生活環(huán)境，為全球生態(tài)安全作出貢獻。

We should remain committed to the basic state policy of conserving resources and protecting the environment as well as the principle of giving high priority to conserving resources, protecting the environment and promoting its natural restoration, and strive for green, circular and low-carbon development. We should preserve our geographical space and improve our industrial structure, way of production and way of life in the interest of conserving resources and protecting the environment. We should address the root cause of deterioration of the ecological environment so as to reverse this trend, create a sound working and living environment for the people, and contribute our share to global ecological security.

（一）優(yōu)化國土空間開發(fā)格局。國土是生態(tài)文明建設的空間載體，必須珍惜每一寸國土。要按照人口資源環(huán)境相均衡、經(jīng)濟社會生態(tài)效益相統(tǒng)一的原則，控制開發(fā)強度，調(diào)整空間結構，促進生產(chǎn)空間集約高效、生活空間宜居適度、生態(tài)空間山清水秀，給自然留下更多修復空間，給農(nóng)業(yè)留下更多良田，給子孫后代留下天藍、地綠、水凈的美好家園。加快實施主體功能區(qū)戰(zhàn)略，推動各地區(qū)嚴格按照主體功能定位發(fā)展，構建科學合理的城市化格局、農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展格局、生態(tài)安全格局。提高海洋資源開發(fā)能力，發(fā)展海洋經(jīng)濟，保護海洋生態(tài)環(huán)境，堅決維護國家海洋權益，建設海洋強國。

1. Improve development of China's geographical space

It is in geographical space that ecological progress can be advanced, and we must cherish every bit of it. Guided by the principle of maintaining balance between population, resources and the environment and promoting economic, social and ecological benefits, we should keep the pace of development under control and regulate its space composition. We should ensure that the space for production is used intensively and efficiently, that the living space is livable and proper in size, and that the ecological space is unspoiled and beautiful; and we should leave more space for nature to achieve self-renewal. We should keep more farmland for farmers, and leave to our future generations a beautiful homeland with green fields, clean water and a blue sky. We should ensure the speedy implementation of the functional zoning strategy and require all regions to pursue development in strict accordance with this strategy, and advance urbanization, agricultural development and ecological security in a scientific and balanced way. We should enhance our capacity for exploiting marine resources, develop the marine economy, protect the marine ecological environment, resolutely safeguard China's maritime rights and interests, and build China into a maritime power.

（二）全面促進資源節(jié)約。節(jié)約資源是保護生態(tài)環(huán)境的根本之策。要節(jié)約集約利用資源，推動資源利用方式根本轉(zhuǎn)變，加強全過程節(jié)約管理，大幅降低能源、水、土地消耗強度，提高利用效率和效益。推動能源生產(chǎn)和消費革命，控制能源消費總量，加強節(jié)能降耗，支持節(jié)能低碳產(chǎn)業(yè)和新能源、可再生能源發(fā)展，確保國家能源安全。加強水源地保護和用水總量管理，推進水循環(huán)利用，建設節(jié)水型社會。嚴守耕地保護紅線，嚴格土地用途管制。加強礦產(chǎn)資源勘查、保護、合理開發(fā)。發(fā)展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟，促進生產(chǎn)、流通、消費過程的減量化、再利用、資源化。

2. Promote all-around resource conservation

Resource conservation is an important way to protect the ecological environment. We should conserve resources and use them efficiently and bring about a fundamental change in the way resources are utilized. We should strengthen conservation efforts all the way, drastically reduce energy, water and land consumption per unit of GDP, and use such resources in a better and more efficient way. We should launch a revolution in energy production and consumption, impose a ceiling on total energy consumption, save energy and reduce its consumption. We should support the development of energy-efficient and low-carbon industries, new energy sources and renewable energy sources and ensure China's energy security. We should better protect water sources, impose a cap on total water consumption, promote water recycling, and build a water-conserving society. We should ensure that the red line for protecting farmland is not crossed and strictly control land uses. We should strengthen exploration, protection and proper exploitation of mineral resources. We should develop a circular economy to reduce waste and resource consumption, reuse resources and recycle waste in the process of production, distribution and consumption.

（三）加大自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和環(huán)境保護力度。良好生態(tài)環(huán)境是人和社會持續(xù)發(fā)展的根本基礎。要實施重大生態(tài)修復工程，增強生態(tài)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)能力，推進荒漠化、石漠化、水土流失綜合治理，擴大森林、湖泊、濕地面積，保護生物多樣性。加快水利建設，增強城鄉(xiāng)防洪抗旱排澇能力。加強防災減災體系建設，提高氣象、地質(zhì)、地震災害防御能力。堅持預防為主、綜合治理，以解決損害群眾健康突出環(huán)境問題為重點，強化水、大氣、土壤等污染防治。堅持共同但有區(qū)別的責任原則、公平原則、各自能力原則，同國際社會一道積極應對全球氣候變化。

3. Intensify protection of the ecosystem and the environment

A sound ecological environment is the fundamental basis for sustainable human and social development. We should launch major projects for restoring the ecosystem, increase our capacity for producing ecological products, take integrated steps to control desertification, stony deserts and soil erosion, enlarge forests, lakes and wetlands, and protect biodiversity. We should accelerate construction of water conservancy projects, and enhance our capacity for responding to floods, drought and waterlogging in urban and rural areas. We should improve the system for preventing and mitigating natural disasters and become better able to respond to meteorological, geological and seismic disasters. We should take a holistic approach to intensifying prevention and control of water, air and soil pollution, putting prevention first and placing emphasis on serious environmental problems that pose health hazards to the people. We will work with the international community to actively respond to global climate change on the basis of equity and in accordance with the common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities of all countries.

（四）加強生態(tài)文明制度建設。保護生態(tài)環(huán)境必須依靠制度。要把資源消耗、環(huán)境損害、生態(tài)效益納入經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展評價體系，建立體現(xiàn)生態(tài)文明要求的目標體系、考核辦法、獎懲機制。建立國土空間開發(fā)保護制度，完善最嚴格的耕地保護制度、水資源管理制度、環(huán)境保護制度。深化資源性產(chǎn)品價格和稅費改革，建立反映市場供求和資源稀缺程度、體現(xiàn)生態(tài)價值和代際補償?shù)馁Y源有償使用制度和生態(tài)補償制度。積極開展節(jié)能量、碳排放權、排污權、水權交易試點。加強環(huán)境監(jiān)管，健全生態(tài)環(huán)境保護責任追究制度和環(huán)境損害賠償制度。加強生態(tài)文明宣傳教育，增強全民節(jié)約意識、環(huán)保意識、生態(tài)意識，形成合理消費的社會風尚，營造愛護生態(tài)環(huán)境的良好風氣。

4. Enhance system building to promote ecological progress

System building is crucial to protecting the ecological environment. Resource consumption, environmental damage and ecological benefits should be covered by the system of standards for evaluating economic and social development, and related goals, evaluation methods and reward and punishment mechanisms should be adopted in keeping with the need of promoting ecological progress. We should establish a system for developing and protecting China's geographical space and improve the system for providing the strictest possible protection for farmland and systems for managing water resources and protecting the environment. We should deepen reform of prices, taxes and fees for resource products, and establish a system for paying for resource consumption and compensating for ecological damage - a system that responds to market supply and demand and resource scarcity, recognizes ecological values and requires compensation in the interests of later generations. We should carry out trials for trading energy savings, carbon emission rights, pollution discharge rights and water rights. We should strengthen environmental monitoring and improve the system of accountability for ecological and environmental protection and the system of compensation for environmental damage. We should increase publicity of and education in ecological progress, raise public awareness of the need to conserve resources, protect the environment and promote ecological progress, and foster a social atmosphere of practicing moderate consumption and cherishing the ecological environment.

我們一定要更加自覺地珍愛自然，更加積極地保護生態(tài)，努力走向社會主義生態(tài)文明新時代。

We must treasure nature more consciously, protect the ecosystem more actively, and strive to usher in a new era of socialist ecological progress.