你相信嗎，開水比冷水更快結冰！這就是所謂的姆潘巴現象。這種現象到底基于何種原理呢？下文將會為您揭開答案。
A common chemical process may explain how hot water can freeze more quickly than cold, a report on the web site of New Scientist said on Thursday.
A scientist of the University of Washington at St Louis found that what is behind the so-called "Mpemba effect is that the phenomenon is all to do withsolutes," the report said.
The Mpemba effect came to be known after a Tanzanian school student named Erasto Mpemba noticed that the sugared milk he used to make ice cream froze more quickly if it started out hot.
Jonathan Katz, of the University of Washington, who worked out the details of the Mpemba effect, said the solutes are calcium andmagnesium bicarbonate, which make most drinking water "hard" and when the water is heated, these elementsprecipitateto form the solid scale that "furs" up the inside of a kettle.
Katz said water that has never been heated still contains these solutes and as it freezes, ice crystals form, and the concentration of solutes in the remaining water becomes ever higher - up to 50 times as high as normal, thus lowering the freezing point of the water.
According to Katz, there is a second, related effect thathampersthe freezing of water that has never been heated. The lowering of the freezing point reduces the temperature difference between the liquid and its freezing surroundings. "Since the rate at which heat is lost from the water depends on this temperature difference, water that has not been heated has greater difficulty losing heat," Katz was quoted as saying.
Katz said the two effects combined could perfectly explain why water that has been heated freezes more quickly than water that has not.
Katz is waiting for someone to do experiments to test his theory, New Scientist said.
Solute: 溶質
Magnesium：鎂
Bicarbonate：重碳酸鹽
Precipitate：沉淀
Hampers：阻礙
（來源：競學網 英語點津 Annabel 編輯）
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