免费日韩片_欧美成人精品一区二区男人小说_国产乱码一区二区三区四区_国产精品国产三级国产aⅴ入口_成人看的污污超级黄网站免费_欧美一级在线免费观看_成人午夜免费无码福利片_国产乱人伦偷精品视频色欲_aaa少妇高潮大片免费看_国产精品1234_亚洲精品国产suv一区88_中文字字幕在线中文无码_精品亚洲区_午夜九九九_国产av国片精品jk制服丝袜_色综合亚洲_亚洲成av人片无码bt种子下载_欧美色就色_精品少妇的一区二区三区四区_男人用嘴添女人下身免费视频

Get Flash Player

Download

This is the VOA Special English Economics Report.

A "rollercoaster ride" is one description for these days of scary ups and downs in financial markets. If you want to use a more technical term, the markets are showingvolatility.

Thursday was another example of a day with strong gains on the New York Stock Exchange after a day of heavy losses.

Major measures of the United States markets have closed with their biggest one-day losses since the financial crisis of 2008. Asia and Europe have also had sharp declines.

Volatile markets can react suddenly in wild and unpredictable ways. Usually some kind of shock, or more than one, is involved.

For example, last Friday, one of the three major credit rating agencies downgraded long-term United States government debt. Standard & Poor's lowered its opinion of Treasury securities one step from the highest rating, triple-A, to AA-plus.

But shocks like a hopeful jobs report or good earnings results can stop a fall and send prices higher.

The United States held S&P's top rating for 70 years and never had a downgrade. But many investors were expecting that to happen even after the budget deal in Washington. Congress last week agreed to increase the government's borrowing limit in return for steps to cut spending and reduce the deficit.

S&P says it thinks America's debt will only increase in the future. President Obama disagreed.

BARACK OBAMA: "That doesn't mean we don't have a problem. The fact is, we didn't need a rating agency to tell us that we need a balanced, long-term approach to deficit reduction. That was true last week, that was true last year, that was true the day I took office."

He said this week that markets still consider United States credit "as among the world's safest."

Still, there are growing worries of another recession -- a double dip. On Tuesday, policy makers at the central bank said economic growth so far this year has been "considerably slower" than they had expected. The Federal Reserve said it would likely keep short-term interest rates near zero for at least two more years.

Borrowing costs for the United States remain very low. But debt worries in two of Europe's biggest economies have increased costs for their governments in recent weeks.

On Monday the European Central Bank began buying debt securities from Spain and Italy. These efforts have helped push down interest rates for those countries. Nick Parsons, an economist with the National Australia Bank, says the bank made the right move.

NICK PARSONS: "It has been an absolutely critical decision."

But he also thinks the bank will have to buy more. And Europe must still deal with the rescues of Greece, Ireland and Portugal.

And that's the VOA Special English Economics Report. I'm Mario Ritter.

volatility: the trait of being unpredictably irresolute 波動

Related stories:

我們沒有從這場金融危機中汲取的教訓是什么？

A debt deal in US, but stocks still slide

Putin says US is "parasite" on global economy

Summer heat stifles Tokyo as Japan rebuilds economy

（來源：VOA 編輯：實習生史莉萍）