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Federal Reserve Board Chairman Ben Bernanke Tuesday told a congressional panel that the economy is in the midst of a severe contraction, but that there is a chance of turnaround later this year.

Bernanke made clear that a recovery will not take hold until the financial system has been stabilized.

"If we're going to have a strong recovery it's got to be on the back of a stabilization of the financial system, and it's basically black and white. If we stabilize the financial system adequately we'll get a reasonable recovery....it might take some time. If we don't stabilize the financial system we're going to founder for some time."

Weakness in the U.S. financial sector - specifically bad loans in the sub-prime mortgage market-triggered the credit squeeze that began in 2007 that subsequentlyevolved into a global financial crisis and worldwide recession. U.S. banks have been significantly weakened and their share prices remain severely depressed-in some cases down 80 percent in the past year.

There is great uncertainty as to what will happen to the biggest banks. Bernanke would not say whether he thought the banks would be nationalized but he did reveal some details of the stress test that will be given to the 19 biggest U.S. banks.

"The purpose of the test is to try to insure that even in a bad scenario banks will have enough capital, including enough common equity, to meet their obligations to lend," he said.

Bernanke said that despite the current emergency in which the United States is greatly expanding its fiscal deficit, he believes U.S. securities remain attractive to foreign purchasers.

take hold: to become established（占主導地位，固定下來）

black and white: 別無選擇；非此即彼

founder：to become wrecked; fail utterly（失敗）

evolve into: 發展成

(Source: VOA 英語點津編輯)