國家主席習近平27日在巴黎聯合國教科文組織總部發表演講。演講全文如下：

President Xi Jinping delivers a wide-ranging speech on civilization at the UNESCO headquarters in Paris on Thursday. [Photo/Agencies]

在聯合國教科文組織總部的演講（2014年3月27日，巴黎）

中華人民共和國主席　習近平

Speech by H.E. Xi Jinping President of the People's Republic of China At UNESCO Headquarters

尊敬的博科娃總干事，

女士們，先生們，朋友們：

Your Excellency Madame Irina Bokova, Director-General of UNESCO,

Ladies and Gentlemen,

Dear Friends,

大家好！有機會來到聯合國教科文組織總部，感到十分高興。首先，我謹對博科娃女士再次當選教科文組織總干事，表示衷心的祝賀！對教科文組織為推動人類文明交流互鑒作出的卓越貢獻，表示誠摯的敬意！

Good morning. It gives me great pleasure to have an opportunity of visiting the UNESCO headquarters. Let me begin by offering Madame Bokova my heartfelt congratulations on her re-election as the Director-General of the Organization and paying my sincere tribute to UNESCO for the extraordinary contribution it has made for greater exchanges and mutual learning among human civilizations.

教科文組織誕生于69年前，那時世界反法西斯戰爭硝煙剛剛散去。面對戰爭給人類帶來的慘烈后果，人類又一次反思戰爭與和平的真諦。千百年來，人類都夢想著持久和平，但戰爭始終像一個幽靈一樣伴隨著人類發展歷程。此時此刻，世界上很多孩子正生活在戰亂的驚恐之中。我們必須作出努力，讓戰爭遠離人類，讓全世界的孩子們都在和平的陽光下幸福成長。

UNESCO was born 69 years ago when the smoke of the World War against Fascism had barely dissipated. The grisly horror of war forced mankind once again to reflect on the nature of war and peace. Throughout the centuries, people have yearned for lasting peace, but war, like a haunting ghost, has been accompanying the journey of human progress every step of the way. As we speak, many children on this planet are subjected to the horror of armed conflicts. We must do our utmost to keep war as far away as possible from mankind so that children across the world can grow up happily under the sunshine of peace.

在教科文組織總部大樓前的石碑上，用多種語言鐫刻著這樣一句話：“戰爭起源于人之思想，故務需于人之思想中筑起保衛和平之屏障。”

The stone wall at the entrance to the UNESCO headquarters carries the inscription of one single message in several languages: Since wars begin in the minds of men, it is in the minds of men that the defenses of peace must be constructed.

只要世界人民在心靈中堅定了和平理念、揚起了和平風帆，就能形成防止和反對戰爭的強大力量。人們希望通過文明交流、平等教育、普及科學，消除隔閡、偏見、仇視，播撒和平理念的種子。這就是教科文組織成立的初衷。

As long as the idea of peace can strike deep roots and the sail of peace can be hoisted in the hearts and minds of people all over the world, a strong defense will be constructed to prevent and stop war. People hoped to promote inter-civilization exchanges, equality of educational opportunities and scientific literacy in order to dispel estrangement, prejudice and hatred, and spread the seeds for the idea of peace. This is precisely why UNESCO was established in the first place.

這樣一種期待，這樣一種憧憬，是我們今天依然要堅守的。不僅要堅守，而且要通過跨國界、跨時空、跨文明的教育、科技、文化活動，讓和平理念的種子在世界人民心中生根發芽，讓我們共同生活的這個星球生長出一片又一片和平的森林。

The aspiration and vision as such deserve our renewed commitment. Not only so, but we must also step up cross-border, cross-time-and-space and cross-civilization activities in education, science, technology and culture to spread the seeds of the idea of peace far and wide so that they will sprout, take root and grow in the hearts and minds of the world's people, and provide the planet we share with more and more forests of peace.

自1945年成立以來，教科文組織忠實履行使命，在增進世界人民相互了解和信任、推動不同文明交流互鑒方面進行了不懈努力。中國高度重視同教科文組織的合作，愿意加大參與教科文組織的各項活動。為體現對非洲的支持和幫助，我們決定把通過教科文組織向包括非洲國家在內的發展中國家提供的長城獎學金名額由每年25人擴大為75人，我們還將同教科文組織一道把援助非洲信托基金的活動繼續開展下去。

Since its inception in 1945, UNESCO has faithfully lived up to its mandate and worked untiringly to enhance trust and understanding among the world's peoples and promote exchanges and mutual learning among the various civilizations. China attaches great importance to its cooperation with UNESCO and stands ready to expand its participation in UNESCO activities. We have decided to expand the Great Wall Fellowship, a scheme that provides scholarship to developing countries, African countries included via UNESCO, from 25 to 75 people every year to demonstrate China's support and assistance for Africa. We will also continue to work within the framework of the UNESCO trust fund to help Africa.

女士們、先生們、朋友們！

Ladies and Gentlemen,Dear Friends,

文明因交流而多彩，文明因互鑒而豐富。文明交流互鑒，是推動人類文明進步和世界和平發展的重要動力。

Civilizations have become richer and more colorful with exchanges and mutual learning. Such exchanges and mutual learning form an important drive for human progress and global peace and development.

推動文明交流互鑒，需要秉持正確的態度和原則。我認為，最重要的是堅持以下幾點。

To promote exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations, we must adopt a right approach with some important principles. They, in my view, contain the following:

第一，文明是多彩的，人類文明因多樣才有交流互鑒的價值。陽光有七種顏色，世界也是多彩的。一個國家和民族的文明是一個國家和民族的集體記憶。人類在漫長的歷史長河中，創造和發展了多姿多彩的文明。從茹毛飲血到田園農耕，從工業革命到信息社會，構成了波瀾壯闊的文明圖譜，書寫了激蕩人心的文明華章。

First, civilizations have come in different colors, and such diversity has made exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations relevant and valuable. Just as the sunlight has seven colors, our world is a place of dazzling colors. A civilization is the collective memory of a country or a nation. Throughout history, mankind have created and developed many colorful civilizations, from earlier days of primitive hunting to the period of agriculture, and from booming industrial revolution to the information society. Together, they present a magnificent genetic map of the exciting march of human civilizations.

“一花獨放不是春，百花齊放春滿園。”如果世界上只有一種花朵，就算這種花朵再美，那也是單調的。不論是中華文明，還是世界上存在的其他文明，都是人類文明創造的成果。

"A single flower does not make spring, while one hundred flowers in full blossom bring spring to the garden." If there were only one kind of flower in the world, people will find it boring no matter how beautiful it is. Be it the Chinese civilization, or other civilizations in the world, they are all fruits of human progress.

我參觀過法國盧浮宮，也參觀過中國故宮博物院，它們珍藏著千萬件藝術珍品，吸引人們眼球的正是其展現的多樣文明成果。文明交流互鑒不應該以獨尊某一種文明或者貶損某一種文明為前提。中國人在2000多年前就認識到了“物之不齊，物之情也”的道理。推動文明交流互鑒，可以豐富人類文明的色彩，讓各國人民享受更富內涵的精神生活、開創更有選擇的未來。

I have visited the Louvre Museum in France and the Palace Museum in China, both of which house millions of pieces of art treasures. They are attractive because they are able to present the richness of diverse civilizations. Exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations must not be built on the exclusive praise or belittling of one particular civilization. As early as over 2,000 years ago, the Chinese people came to recognize that "it is only natural for things to be different". Greater exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations can further enrich the colors of various civilizations and the cultural life of people, and open up still greater alternatives in the future.

第二，文明是平等的，人類文明因平等才有交流互鑒的前提。各種人類文明在價值上是平等的，都各有千秋，也各有不足。世界上不存在十全十美的文明，也不存在一無是處的文明，文明沒有高低、優劣之分。

Second, civilizations are equal, and such equality has made exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations possible. All human civilizations are equal in terms of value. They all have their respective strengths and shortcomings. There is no perfect civilization in the world. Nor is there a civilization that is devoid of any merit. No one civilization can be judged superior to another.

我訪問過世界上許多地方，最喜歡做的一件事情就是了解五大洲的不同文明，了解這些文明與其他文明的不同之處、獨到之處，了解在這些文明中生活的人們的世界觀、人生觀、價值觀。我到過代表古瑪雅文明的奇琴伊察，也到過帶有濃厚伊斯蘭文明色彩的中亞古城撒馬爾罕。我深深感到，要了解各種文明的真諦，必須秉持平等、謙虛的態度。如果居高臨下對待一種文明，不僅不能參透這種文明的奧妙，而且會與之格格不入。歷史和現實都表明，傲慢和偏見是文明交流互鑒的最大障礙。

I have visited many places in the world. The best thing I wanted to do is to learn about differing civilizations across the five continents, what make them different and unique, how their people think about the world and life and what they hold dear. I have visited Chichen Itza, a window on the ancient Maya civilization, and the Central Asian city of Samarkand, an epitome of the ancient Islamic civilization. It is my keenly-felt conviction that an attitude of equality and modesty is required if one wants to truly understand the various civilizations. Taking a condescending attitude toward a civilization can not help anyone to appreciate its essence but may risk antagonizing it. Both history and reality show that pride and prejudice are two biggest obstacles to exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations.

第三，文明是包容的，人類文明因包容才有交流互鑒的動力。海納百川，有容乃大。人類創造的各種文明都是勞動和智慧的結晶。每一種文明都是獨特的。在文明問題上，生搬硬套、削足適履不僅是不可能的，而且是十分有害的。一切文明成果都值得尊重，一切文明成果都要珍惜。

Third, civilizations are inclusive, and such inclusiveness has given exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations the needed drive to move forward. The ocean is vast for it refuses no rivers. All civilizations are crystallizations of mankind's hard work and wisdom. Every civilization is unique. Copying other civilizations mechanically or blindly is like cutting one's toes just to fit his shoes, which is not only impossible but also highly detrimental. All achievements of civilizations deserve our respect and must be treasured.