你騎過(guò)大象么? 你想騎大象嗎？馱著人類(lèi)的大象，真的像看起來(lái)那么乖順嗎？在大象對(duì)你俯首帖耳、乖巧賣(mài)萌時(shí)，你有沒(méi)有想過(guò)它們被馴化時(shí)受過(guò)的折磨。

對(duì)于許多旅行者來(lái)說(shuō)，去東南亞旅行，騎大象已經(jīng)成了一個(gè)必須體驗(yàn)的項(xiàng)目。或許有人會(huì)問(wèn)，我們能騎馬、騎牛，騎大象有何不妥？

那是因?yàn)轳R、牛等都是被人類(lèi)馴化過(guò)的家畜，而大象是未經(jīng)馴化的野生動(dòng)物。從一個(gè)自由的生靈，到任人奴役的搖錢(qián)樹(shù)，基因決定了它們將忍受煉獄般的痛苦。

下面小編給你5個(gè)不騎大象的理由：

1. ELEPHANTS IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY ARE ABUSED.
旅游業(yè)中的大象正在遭受虐待

A wild elephant doesn't naturally allow a human to climb atop its back and trek through the jungle, for hours, every day of the week. It has to be tamed into submission. In Southeast Asia, the process of taming an elephant includes torture and breaking its spirit.
野生大象并不是生來(lái)就允許人們爬上他的背每天在叢林中跋涉數(shù)小時(shí)的。大象經(jīng)過(guò)馴化后才會(huì)服從。在東南亞，馴化大象的過(guò)程包括身體折磨和精神摧殘。

The ancient tradition is called Phajaan, meaning "the crush." Poachers take the wild baby elephant away from its mother, sometimes killing the protective elephants around the calf.
這種古老的馴象傳統(tǒng)被稱(chēng)為Phajaan，意思是“徹底粉碎”。偷獵者將野生大象寶寶從媽媽身邊帶走，有時(shí)還會(huì)殺死保護(hù)在小象身邊的大象。

The handlers tie, cage, starve and beat the animal with tools like a metal bull hook until it learns to fear and obey humans.
馴化者們將大象拴起來(lái)、關(guān)在籠子里、不給他們食物，還用金屬牛角鉤等工具打他們，直到大象學(xué)會(huì)害怕和服從人類(lèi)。

There are many graphic videos to prove it, like this one.
有很多視頻可以作證，比如下面這段視頻。

2. GIVING RIDES CAN DAMAGE ELEPHANTS' SPINES.
騎大象會(huì)損害大象的脊椎

An elephant's spine is not built to support the weight of a human being. Elephants that carry tourists on their backs for hours every day experience discomfort and can suffer from permanent spinal damage. There is also the added element of the Howdah: the seat that the human sits in atop the elephant. The seat causes irritation against the elephant's skin and can lead to infection.
大象的脊椎并非天生用來(lái)承載人類(lèi)的重量。大象每天將游客背在背上數(shù)小時(shí)，會(huì)感到不適，且脊椎會(huì)受到永久性損傷。另一種傷害來(lái)自Howdah：人們坐在大象背上的座椅。這種座椅會(huì)刺痛大象皮膚，還會(huì)導(dǎo)致皮膚感染。

大象雖然身形高大，但一頭成年象背上最多可以承擔(dān)150公斤的重量4個(gè)小時(shí)。

而事實(shí)上，許多大象營(yíng)會(huì)在大象背上綁上金屬座椅，通常一次會(huì)有至少兩名游客坐在大象背上，而大象一天的工作時(shí)間遠(yuǎn)不止4個(gè)小時(shí)。

3. ELEPHANTS ARE SOCIAL, INTELLIGENT CREATURES.
大象是聰明的群居動(dòng)物

Elephants are very similar to humans. They have family and friends and feel deep emotion. According to Elephant Voices, "elephants are well-known for their intelligence, close family ties and social complexity, and they remember for years other individuals and places."
大象和人類(lèi)非常相似。他們有家人和朋友，非常有感情。據(jù)《大象的聲音》稱(chēng)，“大象以聰明、家庭關(guān)系親密以及社會(huì)復(fù)雜性而著稱(chēng)，他們對(duì)其他個(gè)體和地點(diǎn)的記憶可以?xún)?chǔ)存多年。”

Not only do elephants remember and feel the pain of torture deeply enough to suffer from post-traumatic stress, but when elephants are brought on trekking camps, they are often ripped away from their herd and forced to live in loneliness.
大象對(duì)折磨的痛苦有著深刻的感受和記憶，因而飽受創(chuàng)傷后壓力的折磨，不僅如此，當(dāng)大象被帶到大象營(yíng)時(shí)，人們通常將他們和象群分離，強(qiáng)迫他們獨(dú)自生活。

"Just as we consider solitary confinement as punishment for humans, we should also be thinking that way about elephants," said Stanford professor Caitlin O'Connell in an interview with National Geographic in 2016. "It is not healthy to house elephants by themselves."
2016年，斯坦福大學(xué)教授凱特琳?奧康奈爾接受《國(guó)家地理》采訪時(shí)表示：“正如我們認(rèn)為單獨(dú)禁閉是對(duì)人類(lèi)的懲罰一樣，我們應(yīng)該想到對(duì)于大象也是這樣。讓大象獨(dú)居對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)是不健康的。”

4. ASIAN ELEPHANTS ARE ENDANGERED.
亞洲大象瀕臨滅絕。

The Asian elephant is on the Red List of Threatened Species. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, the population declined more than 50 percent over the last 60 to 75 years. Asian elephants that work in the tourism industry sometimes die from hunger, dehydration and exhaustion. Like captive elephant Sambo, who died in Cambodia earlier this year from a heart attack while giving tourists a ride in 104 degree Fahrenheit heat.
亞洲象被列入《瀕危物種紅色名單》。據(jù)國(guó)際自然保護(hù)聯(lián)盟稱(chēng)，在過(guò)去60-75年里，大象的數(shù)量減少了50%以上。在旅游行業(yè)工作的亞洲象有時(shí)會(huì)死于饑餓、脫水和疲勞。例如，今年早些時(shí)候在柬埔寨，圈養(yǎng)大象桑博在華氏104度（40攝氏度）的高溫下背馱游客時(shí)心臟病發(fā)作而亡。

5. THERE ARE BETTER, SAFER WAYS TO INTERACT WITH ELEPHANTS.
與大象互動(dòng)的方式可以更好、更安全

You don't have to visit a camp that promotes elephant rides to interact with these beautiful creatures. There are conservations in Southeast Asia like Boon Lott's Elephant Sanctuary, Elephant Nature Park and Elephant Jungle Sanctuary that save elephants from captivity and allow humans to visit. You can hang out with elephants, and help bathe, feed and observe them. ENP even offers a range of volunteer opportunities for tourists.
你不需要到一個(gè)提倡騎大象的營(yíng)地和這個(gè)美麗的生物互動(dòng)。東南亞有大象保護(hù)區(qū)，比如，本露特大象庇護(hù)所、大象自然公園和大象叢林庇護(hù)所，這些地方可以保護(hù)大象不被圈養(yǎng)，而且允許人們前來(lái)參觀。你可以和大象一起閑逛，幫他們洗澡、喂食，觀察他們。大象自然公園甚至為游客提供一系列志愿服務(wù)機(jī)會(huì)。

Dustin Levick, a tourist from Texas, visited the Elephant Jungle Sanctuary in Chiang Mai, Thailand, last month. While there he was able to appreciate the elephants in an ethical way.
上個(gè)月，來(lái)自德克薩斯州的游客達(dá)斯汀?李維科參觀了泰國(guó)清邁的大象叢林庇護(hù)所。在那里，他能夠以一種不違背道德的方式觀賞大象。

"They are so happy when they go swimming. They just roll around in the water and it's amazing to watch how happy they are," said Levick. "Standing in front of a 55-year-old elephant who weights 2 tons, massaging her trunk with mud as she stands perfectly still, you can't help but feel a connection to such an amazing animal."
李維科說(shuō)：“大象在游泳的時(shí)候真的很開(kāi)心。他們就在水中打滾，看到他們這么高興真的很棒。站在一頭55歲、2噸重的大象面前，給一動(dòng)不動(dòng)的她抹泥巴，你會(huì)不由自主地感覺(jué)到與這個(gè)神奇的動(dòng)物之間的聯(lián)系。”

英文來(lái)源：The Cultureist
翻譯&編輯：董靜
審校：丹妮