Regularly staying late at the office significantly increases the risk of having a stroke or heart attack, researchers have found.
研究人員發現，經常在辦公室里加班會使患中風或心臟病的風險顯著增加。

Working just an hour extra each day pushes up stroke risk by 10 per cent, according to a huge review of working patterns.
一項針對工作模式的大型回顧總結性研究稱，每天只加班一小時，中風的風險就會增加10%。

And people who work an extra three hours a day - or 55 hours a week - are 33 per cent more likely to have a stroke, the scientists found.
科學家還發現，若每天加班三小時或每周工作55小時，中風幾率將增加33%。

The research, published in the Lancet medical journal, is based on health records of more than 500,000 people across Europe, the US and Australia.
這項研究發表在醫學雜志《柳葉刀》（the Lancet）上。該研究是基于超過50萬人的健康記錄進行的，這些人來自歐洲、美國和澳大利亞。

Scientists led by University College London warned that people who work longer hours tend to do less exercise, sit at a computer for hours at a time, and drink more than people with a better work-life balance.
英國倫敦大學學院（University College London）牽頭組織的科學家警告稱，相比工作、生活較平衡的人來說，長時間工作的人往往缺乏運動，在電腦前一坐就是好幾個小時，過量飲酒。

Repeated stress may also be to be blame for greater health problems, the scientists think.
科學家認為，重復性壓力可能也是造成健康問題越來越嚴重的罪魁禍首。

They looked at the combined result of 17 previous studies, in which 529,000 people were tracked over an average of seven years.
研究人員察看了之前17項研究的結果，這些研究追蹤調查了52.9萬人平均七年的時間。

They found that people working 41 to 48 hours a week were 10 per cent more likely to suffer a stroke than those who worked a typical 35 to 40-hour week.
研究人員發現，與一般每周工作35-40小時的人相比，每周工作41-48小時的人患中風的幾率會增加10%。

People who worked 49 to 54 hours a week had a 27 per cent increased chance of suffering a stroke.
每周工作49-54小時的人患中風的幾率增加27%。

And those who worked 55 or more hours were 33 per cent more likely to fall victim.
而那些每周工作55小時或以上的人患中風的幾率會增加33%。

The researchers also looked at the link between hours worked and the risk of coronary heart disease, including heart attacks and angina.
研究人員也研究了工作時間和患心力衰竭、心絞痛等冠心病的幾率之間的聯系。

Those who worked more than 55 hours a week had a 13 per cent increased risk of heart disease, they found.
他們發現，每周工作55小時以上的人患心臟病的幾率增加13%。

The authors wrote: 'Sudden death from overwork is often caused by stroke and is believed to result from a repetitive triggering of the stress response.
研究報告的作者寫道：“過度工作導致的猝死往往是由中風引起的，這據信是反復觸發應激反應的結果。“

‘Behavioural mechanisms, such as physical inactivity, might also link long working hours and stroke; a hypothesis supported by evidence of an increased risk of incident stroke in individuals who sit for long periods at work.’
“行為機制，比如體能活動不足，與長時間工作、中風可能也有聯系。有證據表明工作時久坐不動的人群突發中風的幾率更高，支持了這一假設。”

Lead author Professor Mika Kivimaki, from University College London, said: ‘The pooling of all available studies on this topic allowed us to investigate the association between working hours and cardiovascular disease risk with greater precision than has previously been possible.
該研究的首席作者米卡·卡維瑪奇（Mika Kivimaki）教授來自倫敦大學學院，他說：“我們匯集所有針對這一課題所做的研究，從而能夠比以往都更加準確地調查工作時間和患心血管疾病的風險之間的關系。”

'Health professionals should be aware that working long hours is associated with a significantly increased risk of stroke, and perhaps also coronary heart disease.'
“健康專業人士應該意識到，長時間工作與患中風的幾率大幅上升密切相關，或許還與患冠心病的幾率增加有關。”

Experts stressed that the study had only found a link between hours worked and heart problems - it had not proved what had actually caused each death.
專家強調，該研究只發現工作時間和心臟問題之間有一定聯系，并不能證明實際的死亡原因是什么。

But they warned people to take note of the findings.
但是專家提醒人們應當留意研究的發現。

Dr Tim Chico, consultant cardiologist at Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, said: ‘For many people, reducing their working hours would be difficult or impossible, and this study does not show that it would reduce the risk of stroke.
蒂姆·奇科（Tim Chico）博士是謝菲爾德教學醫院（Sheffield Teaching Hospitals）的心臟科顧問醫師，他說：“對于很多人來說，減少工作時間很難甚至是不可能的，而且該研究也未表明這樣就可以降低中風的危險。”

‘Most of us could reduce the amount of time we spend sitting down, increase our physical activity and improve our diet while working and this might be more important the more time we spend at work.
“但是大多數人可以減少坐著的時間，多進行鍛煉，在工作時保證健康飲食，我們加班的時間越多，這可能越重要。”

'We should all consider how the working environment could be altered to promote healthy behaviour that will reduce strokes, irrespective of how long we work.'
“不管工作多長時間，我們都要考慮如何改變工作環境，以促進能夠降低中風幾率的健康行為。”

Dr Mike Knapton of the British Heart Foundation, which part-funded the study, said: 'This study highlights to doctors that they need to pay particular attention to cardiovascular risk factors when they advise people who work long hours.'
英國心臟基金會（the British Heart Foundation）的邁克·耐普頓（Mike Knapton）博士對這項研究提供了部分資助，他表示：“這項研究提醒醫生在診治長時間工作的患者時，尤其要注意他們患心血管疾病的風險。”

Dr Shamim Quadir of the Stroke Association added: 'Working long hours can involve sitting for long periods of time, experiencing stress and leads to less time available to look after yourself.'
英國中風協會（the Stroke Association）的沙米姆·卡迪爾（Shamim Quadir）博士補充道：“長時間工作可能造成人們久坐不動、承受巨大壓力，導致照料自己的時間減少。”

Vocabulary

coronary：心臟的

angina：心絞痛

hypothesis：假說

cardiovascular：心血管的

英文來源：每日郵報

譯者：李朗

審校&編輯：劉明