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[新加坡《聯(lián)合早報(bào)》記者]去年中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人頻繁訪問(wèn)周邊國(guó)家，提出了新的周邊外交理念與合作倡議，但本區(qū)域仍然存在一些分歧和矛盾。請(qǐng)問(wèn)您怎么看待中國(guó)與周邊關(guān)系的前景？謝謝。

Lianhe Zaobao of Singapore: Last year, Chinese leaders visited many neighboring countries and put forward new vision on China’s neighborhood diplomacy and cooperation initiatives. But still there exist some disputes and differences in China’s neighborhood. I would like to ask how do you see China’s future relations with its neighbors?

[李克強(qiáng)]你的中文就更標(biāo)準(zhǔn)了，但是還是需要再翻譯一次。中國(guó)是個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家，實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化是13億人民的共同意志，這需要有和平穩(wěn)定的周邊和國(guó)際環(huán)境。我記得去年記者會(huì)快結(jié)束的時(shí)候，我說(shuō)過(guò)，中國(guó)走和平發(fā)展道路的決心是堅(jiān)定不移的，維護(hù)國(guó)家主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整的意志也是不可動(dòng)搖的。兩者歸結(jié)起來(lái)還是要維護(hù)穩(wěn)定，為發(fā)展創(chuàng)造良好環(huán)境。早在60年前，中國(guó)和一些周邊國(guó)家，就共同倡議和平共處五項(xiàng)原則，四鄰周邊有時(shí)候難免有磕磕碰碰的情況，但是只要我們相互尊重、管控分歧、互利互惠，碰出的應(yīng)該是和諧的聲音，而不是刺耳的噪音。

Li Keqiang: You speak mandarin even better. But still we need the translation. I hope to have your understanding. China is still a developing country. To achieve modernization of the country represents the common aspiration of the 1.3 billion Chinese people. This requires a peaceful and stable neighboring and international environment. I recall that approaching the end of last year’s press conference, I once said that China has an abiding commitment to pursuing peaceful development. We also have an unshakable will in safeguarding China’s sovereignty and territorial integrity. These two points are both for the sake of upholding stability and creating a favorable environment for China’s development. As early as 60 years ago, China and some of its neighbors had jointly initiated the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. When neighbors interact with each other, it’s only natural that sometimes they will run into problems of one kind or another. But as long as they respect each other, properly manage differences and pursue mutual benefit, there will be harmonious sounds instead of jarring noises.

你的問(wèn)題讓我回想起去年訪問(wèn)東盟國(guó)家，比如到越南，我和越南領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人達(dá)成海上共同開(kāi)發(fā)、陸上合作、金融合作三頭并進(jìn)的原則共識(shí)以后，也想聽(tīng)聽(tīng)民間的反應(yīng)。我就晚上趁工作之余，到了一家小店，那個(gè)女店主當(dāng)時(shí)就認(rèn)出我了，她說(shuō)歡迎中國(guó)客人來(lái)，我想這也是給她帶來(lái)生意啊。我就問(wèn)她你怎么看鄰國(guó)的關(guān)系？她說(shuō)還是和平友好吧。和平友好、和平共處，我想這是四鄰百姓的愿望，我們需要一起努力，來(lái)擴(kuò)大利益的交匯點(diǎn)，縮小矛盾點(diǎn)，這樣就可以和睦相處，也是造福民眾。謝謝。

Your question reminds me of my visit to some ASEAN countries last year. During my visit in Vietnam, I reached principled consensus with the Vietnamese leaders about China-Vietnam cooperation in maritime joint development, on the land and in the financial sector. I was curious about how the ordinary people would think about this. So later in the evening, I took some time out of the schedule and visited a small local shop. The shopowner instantly recognized me and she said that she would like to have more Chinese customers. They would bring more businesses to her shop. I asked her how she thought about China’s relationship with its neighbors. She said there should be peace and friendship. Peace, friendship and peaceful co-existence, I believe, represent the common aspirations of all people in China and its neighbors. As long as we all work together to expand common interests and narrow differences, we can live with each other in harmony, bringing greater benefits to our people.

[英國(guó)路透社記者]想請(qǐng)教總理，有一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題。中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)去年增長(zhǎng)7.7%。請(qǐng)問(wèn)總理，您上任一年最大的挑戰(zhàn)、最大的困難是什么？再有就是您覺(jué)得亟待解決的問(wèn)題還有哪些？謝謝。

Reuters: China’s economy grew at 7.7% last year. In the past year since you became Chinese premier, what do you think is the biggest challenge and difficulty and what are the pressing issues that need to be resolved?

[李克強(qiáng)]我確實(shí)很佩服你們這些駐華記者，能這么流利地說(shuō)中文。要說(shuō)去年最大的挑戰(zhàn)，那還是經(jīng)濟(jì)下行壓力加大的挑戰(zhàn)。一度中國(guó)的中央財(cái)政收入出現(xiàn)負(fù)增長(zhǎng)，金融領(lǐng)域還有所謂“錢(qián)荒”，銀行間隔夜拆借利率超過(guò)了13%，而且用電量、貨運(yùn)量的增幅也大幅回落。國(guó)際上也出現(xiàn)了一些輿論，說(shuō)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)可能要硬著陸，還給出了指標(biāo)，說(shuō)增長(zhǎng)可能只有3%到4%。而對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)，財(cái)政和貨幣政策運(yùn)用空間又很有限，宏觀調(diào)控確實(shí)面臨多難選擇。怎么辦？遇萬(wàn)難還須放膽。當(dāng)然破困局要用智慧，我們保持定力，創(chuàng)新宏觀調(diào)控的思路和方式，明確了經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行的合理區(qū)間，就是增長(zhǎng)和就業(yè)不能越出下限，通脹不能突破上限，而且著力促改革、調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，讓市場(chǎng)發(fā)力。正是在以習(xí)近平同志為總書(shū)記的黨中央領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，經(jīng)過(guò)全國(guó)人民的共同奮斗，我們頂住壓力，實(shí)現(xiàn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的主要預(yù)期目標(biāo)。

Li Keqiang: I truly admire all these resident journalists of foreign media in China for speaking Chinese so well. The biggest challenge last year was the increased downward pressure on our economy. Central government revenue registered negative growth at one point. There was the so-called “money squeeze” in the financial sector last June. Inter-bank lending rate exceeded 13%. And there was a slump in the growth of electricity consumption and cargo transport volume. There was this view in the international community that the Chinese economy would suffer a hard landing and China’s growth would drop to 3-4%. Moreover, we had only very limited room for manoeuvre in carrying out fiscal and monetary policies, and we were faced with multiple tough choices in exercising macro-control. Under such conditions, what should we do? When confronted with mounting challenges, one needs to show guts. To tackle a difficult situation, one needs to have wisdom. We held our ground. We pursued creative thinking and ways in exercising macro-control and set a proper range for China’s economic operation. That is to say, we worked to ensure that GDP growth and employment would not slide below the lower limit and inflation would not exceed the upper limit. We focused our efforts on boosting reform and making structural adjustment to ensure that the market will play a strong role. Under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as General Secretary and thanks to the concerted efforts of the entire Chinese people, we faced the pressure down and met our targets.

現(xiàn)在我們看得更多的是困難和問(wèn)題。今年挑戰(zhàn)依然嚴(yán)峻，而且可能會(huì)更加復(fù)雜。我們既要穩(wěn)增長(zhǎng)、保就業(yè)，又要防通脹、控風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，還要提質(zhì)增效，治理污染，多重目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)需要找一個(gè)合理的平衡點(diǎn)，這可以說(shuō)是高難度的動(dòng)作。但凡事不患難，但患無(wú)備。所謂磨好了斧子才能劈開(kāi)柴。我想只要我們正視困難、直面挑戰(zhàn)、趨利避害，就是遇事克難的成功之道。我們有去年應(yīng)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)下行的經(jīng)歷，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)又有著巨大的潛能和韌性，我們有能力也有條件使今年經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行保持在合理區(qū)間。謝謝。

Now what is on top of our mind is the existing difficulties and problems. We will confront serious challenges this year, and some may be even more complex. We need to keep steady growth, ensure employment, avert inflation and defuse risks. We also need to raise the quality and efficiency of China’s economic development and tackle pollution. So we need to strike a proper balance amidst all these goals and objectives. This is not going to be easy. But the thing we have to fear is not the difficulty itself, but lack of preparedness, just as only a sharpened axe can cut through firewood. We will face up to the difficulties and challenges and make the most of the favorable conditions while averting unfavorable ones. This holds the secret to our success. Moreover, we gained good experience from handling the economic downturn last year, and the Chinese economy has tremendous potential and resilience. So I believe we have the ability and conditions to keep the economic operation within a proper range this year.

[中央電視臺(tái)、中國(guó)網(wǎng)絡(luò)電視臺(tái)記者]總理您好。我注意到您在之前回答記者提問(wèn)的時(shí)候說(shuō)到今年要繼續(xù)推進(jìn)簡(jiǎn)政放權(quán)，所以我想就這個(gè)話題請(qǐng)您展開(kāi)來(lái)給我們具體談一談。因?yàn)槲覀兛吹竭@個(gè)話題也是您在去年的記者會(huì)和今年的報(bào)告當(dāng)中特別強(qiáng)調(diào)的一點(diǎn)，關(guān)于這一點(diǎn)在采訪的時(shí)候我聽(tīng)到大家對(duì)這項(xiàng)改革有很多的好評(píng)，但是說(shuō)實(shí)話我們也聽(tīng)到了不少的抱怨，比如說(shuō)現(xiàn)在在有的部門(mén)依然還存在著辦事難的現(xiàn)象，有的部門(mén)可能是把次要的權(quán)放出去了，但是重要的權(quán)還留著。所以我特別想請(qǐng)問(wèn)總理，關(guān)于簡(jiǎn)政放權(quán)的措施您認(rèn)為怎么樣才能真正地落到實(shí)處，要減到什么樣的程度這項(xiàng)改革任務(wù)才算是基本完成了？謝謝。

CCTV: In last year’s press conference and this year’s government work report, you laid special stress on streamlining administration and delegating powers. In our reporting activities we have heard much praise from the society about this reform initiative. Yet at the same time we have also heard complaints among the people that it is still difficult to get things done in some governmental departments. And some governmental departments may have released some less important powers, but still hold on to those more important ones. How to ensure that this reform initiative will be fully implemented? And to what extent can we say this reform task has been completed?

[李克強(qiáng)]去年，中央政府把簡(jiǎn)政放權(quán)作為改革的先手棋，我們確實(shí)下了不少的力氣，到現(xiàn)在一年的時(shí)間，僅中央政府下放取消的審批事項(xiàng)就有416項(xiàng)。更重要的是它釋放了一個(gè)強(qiáng)烈的信號(hào)，給企業(yè)松綁、讓市場(chǎng)發(fā)力。結(jié)果企業(yè)找政府的少了，地方跑北京的少了，有個(gè)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字也可以表明這激發(fā)了市場(chǎng)的活力。去年新注冊(cè)企業(yè)增加了27.6%，其中私營(yíng)企業(yè)新增30%，這是十多年來(lái)最高的。這也表明簡(jiǎn)政放權(quán)是激發(fā)市場(chǎng)活力、調(diào)動(dòng)社會(huì)創(chuàng)造力的利器，是減少權(quán)力尋租、鏟除腐敗的釜底抽薪之策。十八屆三中全會(huì)提出，要讓市場(chǎng)在資源配置中發(fā)揮決定性作用和更好發(fā)揮政府作用，我想簡(jiǎn)政放權(quán)是重要的突破口、切入點(diǎn)。

Li Keqiang: Last year, the Chinese government took streamlining administration and delegating power as the top priority on its reform agenda. With tremendous efforts, the central government has abolished or delegated to lower-level governments 416 items subject to State Council review and approval. This has sent out a very strong signal that we will loosen the straitjacket over enterprises and let the market play a strong role. As a result, fewer enterprises find it necessary to turn to the government and fewer local governments find it necessary to turn to the central government. This reform initiative has tremendously boosted market dynamism as shown in the following statistics: The number of newly registered businesses last year increased by 27.6%, among which the number of newly registered private businesses increased by 30%, the highest in over ten years. This shows that streamlining administration and delegating power is a powerful tool in energizing the market and stimulating social creativity. It is also the fundamental solution for cutting rent-seeking behavior and uprooting corruption. It was decided at the Third Plenum of the 18th CPC Central Committee that the market will play a decisive role in allocating resources and the government should better play its role. Streamlining administration and delegating powers is an important starting point in this direction.

當(dāng)然，放并不是說(shuō)政府就不管了，我們講的是放管結(jié)合。要讓政府有更多的精力來(lái)完善和創(chuàng)新宏觀調(diào)控，尤其是加強(qiáng)事中事后的監(jiān)管。對(duì)一些搞坑蒙拐騙、假冒偽劣、侵犯知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)、蓄意污染環(huán)境，違背市場(chǎng)公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)原則的行為，那就要嚴(yán)加監(jiān)管、嚴(yán)厲懲處。放管結(jié)合都要體現(xiàn)公平原則。當(dāng)然，我們?cè)谕七M(jìn)簡(jiǎn)政放權(quán)當(dāng)中，也確實(shí)遇到了像避重就輕、中間梗阻、最后一公里不通暢等問(wèn)題。開(kāi)了弓哪還有回頭箭？我們只能是一抓到底、一往無(wú)前。我們還要繼續(xù)去啃“硬骨頭”，至于說(shuō)到什么程度滿意，那就是正確地處理好政府和市場(chǎng)的關(guān)系，市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)也是法治經(jīng)濟(jì)，我們要努力做到讓市場(chǎng)主體“法無(wú)禁止即可為”，讓政府部門(mén)“法無(wú)授權(quán)不可為”，調(diào)動(dòng)千千萬(wàn)萬(wàn)人的積極性，為中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展不斷地注入新動(dòng)力。謝謝。

Delegation of power does not mean that the government will stay out of everything. What we need is both power delegation and tightened oversight. This way, the government can have extra energy to focus on pursuing creative and better macro-control. In particular, supervision over these delegated matters should be tightened when these matters are being handled and after they have been handled. Such behaviors as cheating and swindling of marketplace, making and selling of fake or substandard goods, violation of intellectual property rights, polluting activities and those activities that obstruct fair market competition will be put under rigorous oversight and severely punished. The principle of equity should be reflected in both power delegation and tightened oversight. I am aware that in the course of power delegation there have been such problems as a perfunctory attitude, midway obstruction or power delegation getting stuck in the last mile. But how can an arrow shot be turned back? We are determined to see this reform through. We are prepared to take on tough challenges in pursuing this reform initiative. As to what extent will we feel satisfied, we will keep up this reform until there is a proper relationship between the government and the market. The market economy is one based on the rule of law. We need to ensure that market entities can do anything which is not prohibited by the law, and government departments cannot do anything unless it is mandated by the law, so as to mobilize the initiative of all sides and add new impetus to the growth of the Chinese economy.