（二）加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式，調(diào)整優(yōu)化經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)
2. Accelerating the transformation of the pattern of economic development and adjusting and optimizing the economic structure
轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式刻不容緩。要大力推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)入創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)、內(nèi)生增長(zhǎng)的發(fā)展軌道。
We urgently need to transform the pattern of economic development. We will work hard to put economic development onto the track of endogenous growth driven by innovation.
繼續(xù)推進(jìn)重點(diǎn)產(chǎn)業(yè)調(diào)整振興。一是加大技術(shù)改造力度。用好技改專項(xiàng)資金，引導(dǎo)企業(yè)開發(fā)新產(chǎn)品和節(jié)能降耗。二是促進(jìn)企業(yè)兼并重組。打破行業(yè)壟斷和地區(qū)封鎖，推動(dòng)優(yōu)勢(shì)企業(yè)兼并困難企業(yè)，加快淘汰落后產(chǎn)能。三是全面提升產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量。引導(dǎo)企業(yè)以品牌、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、服務(wù)和效益為重點(diǎn)，健全質(zhì)量管理體系，強(qiáng)化社會(huì)責(zé)任。切實(shí)加強(qiáng)市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管和誠信體系建設(shè)，努力把我國(guó)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量提高到新水平。
We will continue to promote restructuring and revitalization in key industries. First, we will intensify technological upgrading. We will effectively use funds for technological upgrading to guide enterprises in developing new products, saving energy and reducing resource consumption. Second, we will encourage mergers and reorganization of enterprises. We will break industry monopolies, remove regional blockades, support superior enterprises in acquiring ones in financial difficulties, and close down backward production facilities more quickly. Third, we will comprehensively raise product quality. We will guide enterprises to improve their quality management systems, focusing on brands, standards, service, and performance, and to enhance their sense of social responsibility. We will effectively strengthen the market oversight and credibility systems, and strive to raise the quality of China's products to a new level.
大力培育戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)。國(guó)際金融危機(jī)正在催生新的科技革命和產(chǎn)業(yè)革命。發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)，搶占經(jīng)濟(jì)科技制高點(diǎn)，決定國(guó)家的未來，必須抓住機(jī)遇，明確重點(diǎn)，有所作為。要大力發(fā)展新能源、新材料、節(jié)能環(huán)保、生物醫(yī)藥、信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)和高端制造產(chǎn)業(yè)。積極推進(jìn)新能源汽車、“三網(wǎng)”融合取得實(shí)質(zhì)性進(jìn)展，加快物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的研發(fā)應(yīng)用。加大對(duì)戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)的投入和政策支持。
We will foster emerging industries of strategic importance. The global financial crisis is hastening the birth of a new technological and industrial revolution. It is of decisive importance for the future of our country that we develop emerging industries of strategic importance and capture the economic, scientific and technological high ground; therefore, we must seize opportunities, identify priorities, and achieve results. We need to vigorously develop new energy sources, new materials, energy conservation, environmental protection, biomedicine, information networks, and high-end manufacturing industries. We will make substantive progress in developing motor vehicles powered by new energy sources and in integrating telecommunications networks, cable television networks, and the Internet, and accelerate R&D in and application of the Internet of Things. We will also increase investment in and policy support for emerging industries of strategic importance.
進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)中小企業(yè)發(fā)展。一是建立和完善中小企業(yè)服務(wù)體系。抓緊修訂中小企業(yè)劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，加快中小企業(yè)公共服務(wù)平臺(tái)、信息服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)和小企業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)基地建設(shè)，進(jìn)一步減少、簡(jiǎn)化行政審批，堅(jiān)決清理和取消不合理收費(fèi)。二是繼續(xù)落實(shí)財(cái)政對(duì)中小企業(yè)支持政策。中央財(cái)政扶持中小企業(yè)發(fā)展專項(xiàng)資金安排106億元。對(duì)部分小型微利企業(yè)實(shí)行所得稅優(yōu)惠政策。中央財(cái)政預(yù)算內(nèi)技術(shù)改造專項(xiàng)投資要覆蓋中小企業(yè)，地方政府也要加大投入。三是加強(qiáng)對(duì)中小企業(yè)的金融支持。完善小企業(yè)信貸考核體系。鼓勵(lì)建立小企業(yè)貸款風(fēng)險(xiǎn)補(bǔ)償基金。中小企業(yè)貸款稅前全額撥備損失準(zhǔn)備金。發(fā)展多層次中小企業(yè)信用擔(dān)保體系，落實(shí)好對(duì)符合條件的中小企業(yè)信用擔(dān)保機(jī)構(gòu)免征營(yíng)業(yè)稅、準(zhǔn)備金提取和代償損失在稅前扣除的政策。拓寬中小企業(yè)融資渠道，切實(shí)解決中小企業(yè)特別是小企業(yè)融資難問題。
We will further promote the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. First, we will set up a sound service system for small and medium-sized enterprises. We will promptly revise the criteria for classifying such enterprises, accelerate the development of a public service platform and an information service network for them and bases for small business startups, continue to reduce and streamline administrative examination and approval procedures, and resolutely sort out fees and eliminate unreasonable ones.
Second, we will continue to implement the policy of fiscal support for small and medium-sized enterprises. The central government will allocate 10.6 billion yuan to support their development. A preferential income tax policy for small enterprises with low profits will be implemented. Small and medium-sized enterprises will be eligible to receive money from special funds for technological upgrading in the central budget, and local governments should also increase investment in technological upgrading.
Third, we will provide better financial support for small and medium-sized enterprises. We will improve the credit assessment system for small enterprises, and encourage the establishment of a loan risk compensation fund for them. We will allow full tax deductions for loan loss reserves for loans to small and medium-sized enterprises. We will develop a multilevel system of credit guarantees for these enterprises, and implement the policy of exempting business tax for qualified credit guarantee agencies serving them and allow those agencies to exempt withdrawals from reserve funds and compensation for losses from taxation. We will expand channels for small and medium-sized enterprises to obtain financing in order to effectively solve their financing problems, especially those of small enterprises.
加快發(fā)展服務(wù)業(yè)。進(jìn)一步提高服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展水平和在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中的比重。大力發(fā)展金融、物流、信息、研發(fā)、工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)、商務(wù)、節(jié)能環(huán)保服務(wù)等面向生產(chǎn)的服務(wù)業(yè)，促進(jìn)服務(wù)業(yè)與現(xiàn)代制造業(yè)有機(jī)融合。大力發(fā)展市政公用事業(yè)、房地產(chǎn)和物業(yè)服務(wù)、社區(qū)服務(wù)等面向民生的服務(wù)業(yè)，加快發(fā)展旅游業(yè)，積極拓展新型服務(wù)領(lǐng)域。農(nóng)村服務(wù)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)薄弱、發(fā)展?jié)摿Υ?，要加快?gòu)建和完善以生產(chǎn)銷售、科技信息和金融服務(wù)為主體的農(nóng)村生產(chǎn)生活服務(wù)體系。加快建立公開平等規(guī)范的服務(wù)業(yè)準(zhǔn)入制度，鼓勵(lì)社會(huì)資本進(jìn)入。進(jìn)一步完善促進(jìn)服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展的政策，逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)家鼓勵(lì)類服務(wù)業(yè)用電、用水、用氣、用熱與工業(yè)基本同價(jià)。
We will accelerate the development of the service sector. We will further raise the development level of the service sector and its proportion of the national economy. We will vigorously develop production-oriented service industries, including finance, logistics, information, R&D, industrial design, commerce, energy conservation, and environmental protection services, and promote the intimate integration of service industries with modern manufacturing industries. We will also develop public utilities, real estate, and property management services, community services and other service industries closely related to people's wellbeing. We will accelerate the development of tourism and expand new types of services. In view of the weak foundation and great potential of the service sector in rural areas, we need to accelerate the establishment of a sound system of rural workplace and consumer services, mainly revolving around production, sales, scientific and technological information, and financial services. We will speed up the establishment of an open, fair, and standardized system for licensing service providers and encourage the participation of non-government capital. We will further improve policies for promoting development in the service sector, and gradually lower the electricity, water, gas, and heat rates for service industries encouraged by the state to the same levels charged to industrial enterprises.
打好節(jié)能減排攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)和持久戰(zhàn)。一要以工業(yè)、交通、建筑為重點(diǎn)，大力推進(jìn)節(jié)能，提高能源效率。扎實(shí)推進(jìn)十大重點(diǎn)節(jié)能工程、千家企業(yè)節(jié)能行動(dòng)和節(jié)能產(chǎn)品惠民工程，形成全社會(huì)節(jié)能的良好風(fēng)尚。今年要新增8000萬噸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤的節(jié)能能力。所有燃煤機(jī)組都要加快建設(shè)并運(yùn)行煙氣脫硫設(shè)施。二要加強(qiáng)環(huán)境保護(hù)。積極推進(jìn)重點(diǎn)流域區(qū)域環(huán)境治理及城鎮(zhèn)污水垃圾處理、農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染治理、重金屬污染綜合整治等工作。新增城鎮(zhèn)污水日處理能力1500萬立方米、垃圾日處理能力6萬噸。三要積極發(fā)展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)和節(jié)能環(huán)保產(chǎn)業(yè)。支持循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)研發(fā)、示范推廣和能力建設(shè)。抓好節(jié)能、節(jié)水、節(jié)地、節(jié)材工作。推進(jìn)礦產(chǎn)資源綜合利用、工業(yè)廢物回收利用、余熱余壓發(fā)電和生活垃圾資源化利用。合理開發(fā)利用和保護(hù)海洋資源。四要積極應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化。加強(qiáng)適應(yīng)和減緩氣候變化的能力建設(shè)。大力開發(fā)低碳技術(shù)，推廣高效節(jié)能技術(shù)，積極發(fā)展新能源和可再生能源，加強(qiáng)智能電網(wǎng)建設(shè)。加快國(guó)土綠化進(jìn)程，增加森林碳匯，新增造林面積不低于592萬公頃。要努力建設(shè)以低碳排放為特征的產(chǎn)業(yè)體系和消費(fèi)模式，積極參與應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化國(guó)際合作，推動(dòng)全球應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化取得新進(jìn)展。
We will strive to conserve energy and reduce emissions. First, we will energetically promote energy conservation and raise the efficiency of energy consumption, especially in industry, transportation, and construction. We will make solid progress in the ten major energy conservation projects, the campaign to save energy in 1,000 enterprises, and the project to promote energy-efficient products that benefit the people, and make saving energy a good habit throughout society. We will increase our energy-saving capacity by an equivalent of 80 million tons of standard coal. We will rapidly develop and employ desulphurization equipment for every coal-fired power generating unit.
Second, we will strengthen environmental protection. We will work to improve the environment in key watersheds and regions, treat urban sewage and garbage, deal with pollution from non-point agricultural sources, and comprehensively clean up heavy metal pollution. In urban areas, the daily sewage treatment capacity will increase by 15 million cubic meters and the daily garbage disposal capacity will grow by 60,000 tons.
Third, we will energetically develop a circular economy and the energy conservation and environmental protection industries. For the circular economy, we will support R&D in technology, demonstrations and applications, and capacity building. We will save energy, water, land and materials. We will comprehensively utilize mineral resources, recycle industrial waste, use by-product heat and pressure to generate electricity, and transform household solid waste into resources. We will rationally develop, utilize, and protect marine resources.
Fourth, we will actively respond to climate change. We will improve our ability to adapt to it and ameliorate its effects. We will work hard to develop low-carbon technologies; promote application of highly efficient, energy-conserving technologies; develop new and renewable energies; and intensify development of smart power grids. We will accelerate afforestation, increase forest carbon sinks and expand our forests by at least 5.923 million hectares. We need to energetically build an industrial system and consumption pattern with low carbon emissions. We will participate in international cooperation to address climate change and work for further progress in the global fight against climate change.
推進(jìn)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。繼續(xù)深入推進(jìn)西部大開發(fā)，全面振興東北地區(qū)等老工業(yè)基地，大力促進(jìn)中部地區(qū)崛起，積極支持東部地區(qū)率先發(fā)展。認(rèn)真落實(shí)促進(jìn)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的各項(xiàng)規(guī)劃和政策。加快推進(jìn)主體功能區(qū)建設(shè)。加強(qiáng)對(duì)革命老區(qū)、民族地區(qū)、邊疆地區(qū)和貧困地區(qū)的支持。重點(diǎn)抓好西藏和四省藏區(qū)、新疆經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展政策的制定和實(shí)施工作。實(shí)施區(qū)域發(fā)展總體戰(zhàn)略，重在發(fā)揮各地比較優(yōu)勢(shì)，有針對(duì)性地解決各地發(fā)展中的突出矛盾和問題；重在扭轉(zhuǎn)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展差距擴(kuò)大的趨勢(shì)，增強(qiáng)發(fā)展的協(xié)調(diào)性；重在加快完善公共財(cái)政體系，促進(jìn)基本公共服務(wù)均等化。
We will promote balanced economic development between regions. We will continue to develop the western region on a large scale, comprehensively reinvigorate the old industrial bases in northeast China and elsewhere, energize the development of the central region, and support the eastern region in taking the lead in development. We will conscientiously implement all plans and policies for promoting regional economic and social development. We will accelerate growth of development priority zones. We will increase support for old revolutionary areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and poverty-stricken areas. We will focus on formulating and implementing policies for economic and social development in Xinjiang, Tibet, and Tibetan ethnic areas in Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu and Qinghai provinces. When implementing the overall strategy for regional development, we will emphasize exploiting different regions' comparative advantages and making well-targeted efforts to solve major problems arising in the course of development in each region. We will focus on reversing the growing gap in economic and social development between regions, balancing their development better, accelerating the improvement of the public finance system, and making access to basic public services more equal.
