（六）著力保障和改善民生，促進(jìn)社會(huì)和諧進(jìn)步
Vigorously ensuring and improving people's wellbeing, and promoting social harmony and progress
改善民生是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的根本目的。只有著力保障和改善民生，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展才有持久的動(dòng)力，社會(huì)進(jìn)步才有牢固的基礎(chǔ)，國家才能長治久安。
Improving people's wellbeing is the fundamental goal of economic development. We can ensure that there is sustained impetus for economic development, a solid foundation for social progress, and lasting stability for the country only by working hard to ensure and improve people's wellbeing.
千方百計(jì)擴(kuò)大就業(yè)。這是保障和改善民生的頭等大事。今年就業(yè)形勢依然嚴(yán)峻，工作上不能有絲毫松懈。要繼續(xù)實(shí)施積極的就業(yè)政策。中央財(cái)政擬投入433億元用于促進(jìn)就業(yè)。重點(diǎn)做好高校畢業(yè)生、農(nóng)民工、就業(yè)困難人員就業(yè)和退伍轉(zhuǎn)業(yè)軍人就業(yè)安置工作。
We will do everything in our power to increase employment. This is the top priority in our work of ensuring and improving people's wellbeing. This year the employment situation will still be serious, and we cannot slacken our efforts in the slightest. We need to continue to implement a proactive employment policy. The central government will allocate 43.3 billion yuan to stimulate employment. Emphasis will be given to helping college graduates, rural migrant workers, people experiencing employment difficulty, and demobilized military personnel find jobs.
2009年到期的“五緩四減三補(bǔ)貼”就業(yè)扶持政策延長一年。
The "five-four-three" employment support policies, originally scheduled to expire in 2009, will be extended for another year. (These policies allow qualified enterprises to postpone their payments of five types of social security contributions; reduce urban workers' contributions to four types of insurance funds, namely medical insurance, unemployment insurance, workers' compensation, and maternity insurance; and continue three types of subsidized, enterprise-based job training programs. )
加強(qiáng)政策支持和就業(yè)指導(dǎo)，鼓勵(lì)高校畢業(yè)生到城鄉(xiāng)基層、中西部地區(qū)和中小企業(yè)就業(yè)；拓寬就業(yè)、擇業(yè)、創(chuàng)業(yè)渠道，鼓勵(lì)自主創(chuàng)業(yè)、自謀職業(yè)等多種形式的靈活就業(yè)，以創(chuàng)業(yè)帶動(dòng)就業(yè)。建立健全公共投資帶動(dòng)就業(yè)的機(jī)制。繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)職業(yè)技能培訓(xùn)，重點(diǎn)提高農(nóng)民工和城鄉(xiāng)新增勞動(dòng)力的就業(yè)能力。完善就業(yè)服務(wù)體系，健全勞動(dòng)力輸出輸入地區(qū)協(xié)調(diào)協(xié)作機(jī)制，引導(dǎo)勞動(dòng)力特別是農(nóng)民工有序流動(dòng)。加快建立統(tǒng)一規(guī)范的人力資源市場。維護(hù)勞動(dòng)者合法權(quán)益，構(gòu)建和諧的勞動(dòng)關(guān)系。我們要通過持之以恒的努力，創(chuàng)造更多的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)，讓廣大勞動(dòng)者各盡所能、各得其所。
We will increase policy support and employment guidance to encourage college graduates to take community-level jobs in urban and rural areas, and jobs in the central and western regions and in small and medium-sized enterprises. We will expand channels for seeking employment and starting businesses. We will encourage different forms of flexible employment, including starting businesses and finding jobs independently. We will also encourage job growth through the creation of new businesses. We will establish a sound mechanism for stimulating employment through public investment. We will continue to strengthen vocational training, with the focus on increasing the employability of rural migrant workers and new members of the workforce in urban and rural areas. We will improve the employment services system, strengthen coordination and cooperation between labor-exporting and labor-importing regions, and guide workers in an orderly flow, especially rural migrant workers. We will accelerate the development of a unified and standardized human resources market. We will safeguard the lawful rights and interests of workers and establish harmonious labor relations. We will work tirelessly to create more job opportunities and to enable workers to tap their full potential and find suitable jobs.
加快完善覆蓋城鄉(xiāng)居民的社會(huì)保障體系。扎實(shí)推進(jìn)新型農(nóng)村社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)試點(diǎn)，試點(diǎn)范圍擴(kuò)大到23%的縣。加快解決未參保集體企業(yè)退休人員基本養(yǎng)老保障等遺留問題。將全國130萬“老工傷”人員全部納入工傷保險(xiǎn)范圍。積極推進(jìn)農(nóng)民工參加社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)。加強(qiáng)城鄉(xiāng)低保工作，逐步提高保障水平，切實(shí)做到動(dòng)態(tài)管理、應(yīng)保盡保。加強(qiáng)殘疾人社會(huì)保障和服務(wù)體系建設(shè)，進(jìn)一步落實(shí)好扶殘助殘的各項(xiàng)政策，為他們平等參與社會(huì)生活創(chuàng)造更好的環(huán)境。企業(yè)退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金今年再提高10%。各級政府要進(jìn)一步增加社會(huì)保障投入，中央財(cái)政擬安排3185億元。要多渠道增加全國社會(huì)保障基金，加強(qiáng)監(jiān)管，實(shí)現(xiàn)保值增值。鼓勵(lì)和支持慈善事業(yè)發(fā)展。我們要加快構(gòu)建更加完善的社會(huì)保障安全網(wǎng)，使人民生活有基本保障、無后顧之憂。
We will move faster to improve the social security system for both urban and rural residents. We will steadily move forward with the pilot program for a new old-age insurance system for rural residents by expanding it to 23% of the country's counties. We will act more quickly to solve longstanding problems, including the lack of basic old-age pensions for retirees of collectively owned enterprises that do not participate in group pension programs. Workers' compensation will be extended to all of the 1.3 million workers injured in previous jobs who are not receiving benefits. We will work to extend coverage of social security to rural migrant workers. We will strengthen our work concerning subsistence allowances in both urban and rural areas, gradually increase allowances, and ensure that they are managed in a manner that reflects changing conditions and that everyone who is entitled to such allowances receives them. We will work harder to build the social security and social services system for people with a disability, further implement policies for assisting and supporting them, and create a better environment for them to participate in social activities on an equal footing. We will increase basic old-age pensions for enterprise retirees by 10%. Governments at all levels need to spend more on social security, and the central government will appropriate 318.5 billion yuan for this purpose. We will increase the country's social security funds through multiple channels and strengthen oversight and supervision to maintain and increase their value. We will encourage and support the development of charities. We will move faster to build a better social safety net to provide basic security to people and free them from worries.
改革收入分配制度。合理的收入分配制度是社會(huì)公平正義的重要體現(xiàn)。我們不僅要通過發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)，把社會(huì)財(cái)富這個(gè)“蛋糕”做大，也要通過合理的收入分配制度把“蛋糕”分好。要堅(jiān)持和完善按勞分配為主體、多種分配方式并存的分配制度，兼顧效率與公平，走共同富裕的道路。
We will reform the income distribution system. A rational income distribution system is an important manifestation of social fairness and justice. We will not only make the "pie" of social wealth bigger by developing the economy, but also distribute it well on the basis of a rational income distribution system. We need to uphold and improve the system in which distribution according to work is dominant and multiple forms of distribution coexist, give due consideration to efficiency and fairness, and take the path to common prosperity.
一要抓緊制定調(diào)整國民收入分配格局的政策措施，逐步提高居民收入在國民收入分配中的比重，提高勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬在初次分配中的比重。加大財(cái)政、稅收在收入初次分配和再分配中的調(diào)節(jié)作用。創(chuàng)造條件讓更多群眾擁有財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入。二要深化壟斷行業(yè)收入分配制度改革。完善對壟斷行業(yè)工資總額和工資水平的雙重調(diào)控政策。嚴(yán)格規(guī)范國有企業(yè)、金融機(jī)構(gòu)經(jīng)營管理人員特別是高管的收入，完善監(jiān)管辦法。三要進(jìn)一步規(guī)范收入分配秩序。保護(hù)合法收入，調(diào)節(jié)過高收入，取締非法收入，逐步形成公開透明、公正合理的收入分配秩序，堅(jiān)決扭轉(zhuǎn)收入差距擴(kuò)大的趨勢。
First, we will promptly formulate policies and measures to adjust the distribution of national income, and gradually increase the proportion of income individuals receive from the distribution of national income and the proportion of the primary distribution of income that goes to wages and salaries. We will strengthen the role of fiscal and taxation policies in adjusting the primary and secondary distribution of income. We will create conditions for more people to earn income from property. Second, we will deepen the reform of the income distribution system of monopoly industries. We will improve the policy of dual control over total payroll and wage scales in these industries. We will set strict standards for the income of executives, especially senior ones, of state-owned enterprises and financial institutions, and improve related oversight and supervision rules. Third, we will further standardize the pattern of income distribution. We will protect legitimate income; regulate excessively high income; ban illegal income; gradually form a transparent, fair and rational pattern of income distribution; and resolutely reverse the widening income gap. We will promote the steady and sound development of the real estate market.
促進(jìn)房地產(chǎn)市場平穩(wěn)健康發(fā)展。要堅(jiān)決遏制部分城市房價(jià)過快上漲勢頭，滿足人民群眾的基本住房需求。一是繼續(xù)大規(guī)模實(shí)施保障性安居工程。中央財(cái)政擬安排保障性住房專項(xiàng)補(bǔ)助資金632億元，比上年增加81億元。建設(shè)保障性住房300萬套，各類棚戶區(qū)改造住房280萬套。擴(kuò)大農(nóng)村危房改造試點(diǎn)范圍。各級政府要切實(shí)負(fù)起責(zé)任，嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行年度建設(shè)計(jì)劃，確保土地、資金和優(yōu)惠政策落實(shí)到位。二是繼續(xù)支持居民自住性住房消費(fèi)。增加中低價(jià)位、中小套型普通商品房用地供應(yīng)，加快普通商品房項(xiàng)目審批和建設(shè)進(jìn)度。規(guī)范發(fā)展二手房市場，倡導(dǎo)住房租賃消費(fèi)。盤活住房租賃市場。三是抑制投機(jī)性購房。加大差別化信貸、稅收政策執(zhí)行力度。完善商品房預(yù)售制度。四是大力整頓和規(guī)范房地產(chǎn)市場秩序。完善土地收入管理使用辦法，抑制土地價(jià)格過快上漲。加大對圈地不建、捂盤惜售、哄抬房價(jià)等違法違規(guī)行為的查處力度。
We will resolutely curb the precipitous rise of housing prices in some cities and satisfy people's basic need for housing.
First, we will continue to carry out low-income housing projects on a large scale. The central government will allocate 63.2 billion yuan for low-income housing, an increase of 8.1 billion yuan over last year. We will build 3 million housing units for low-income families and renovate 2.8 million housing units in run-down areas. We will expand the pilot program for renovating dilapidated houses in rural areas. Governments at all levels must genuinely take responsibility to ensure that the annual construction plan is strictly carried out and that policies concerning land, funding, and preferential treatment are implemented well.
Second, we will continue to support the purchase of homes to be used as their owners' residences. We will increase the land supply for building small and medium-sized condominiums to be sold at low and medium price levels, and expedite the approval procedure for and construction of such housing projects. We will standardize and develop the market for used homes, encourage home renting, and stimulate the rental housing market.
Third, we will rein in speculative housing purchases. We will intensify the implementation of differentiated credit and tax policies. We will improve the advance purchase system for commodity housing.Fourth, we will work to rectify and standardize the real estate market. We will improve the methods for managing and using income from land, and keep land prices from rising too fast. We will make greater efforts to deal with violations of laws and regulations such as keeping land unused, property hoarding, and price rigging.
加快推進(jìn)醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生事業(yè)改革發(fā)展。積極穩(wěn)妥推進(jìn)醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生體制改革，全面落實(shí)五項(xiàng)重點(diǎn)工作。繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大基本醫(yī)療保障覆蓋面。今年要把城鎮(zhèn)居民基本醫(yī)保和新農(nóng)合的財(cái)政補(bǔ)助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提高到120元，比上年增長50%，并適當(dāng)提高個(gè)人繳費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。開展農(nóng)村兒童白血病、先天性心臟病醫(yī)療保障試點(diǎn)，盡力為這些不幸的兒童和家庭提供更多幫助。在60%政府舉辦的基層醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機(jī)構(gòu)實(shí)施基本藥物制度，其他醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)也要優(yōu)先選用基本藥物。推進(jìn)基本藥物集中采購和統(tǒng)一配送。基本完成城鄉(xiāng)基層醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機(jī)構(gòu)建設(shè)規(guī)劃，大規(guī)模開展適宜人才培養(yǎng)和培訓(xùn)。進(jìn)一步完善支持村衛(wèi)生室建設(shè)和鄉(xiāng)村醫(yī)生發(fā)展的政策措施。完善基層醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機(jī)構(gòu)補(bǔ)償機(jī)制，落實(shí)崗位績效工資。開展社區(qū)首診試點(diǎn)，推動(dòng)形成基層醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機(jī)構(gòu)和醫(yī)院功能區(qū)分合理、協(xié)作配合、互相轉(zhuǎn)診的服務(wù)體系。切實(shí)加強(qiáng)甲型H1N1流感等重大傳染病防控和慢性病、職業(yè)病、地方病防治，提高突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件應(yīng)急處置能力。開展公立醫(yī)院改革試點(diǎn)，堅(jiān)持基本醫(yī)療的公益性方向，創(chuàng)新體制機(jī)制，充分調(diào)動(dòng)醫(yī)務(wù)人員積極性，提高服務(wù)質(zhì)量，控制醫(yī)療費(fèi)用，改善醫(yī)患關(guān)系。大力支持社會(huì)資本興辦醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機(jī)構(gòu)，在服務(wù)準(zhǔn)入、醫(yī)保定點(diǎn)等方面一視同仁。扶持和促進(jìn)中醫(yī)藥、民族醫(yī)藥事業(yè)發(fā)展。醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生事業(yè)改革發(fā)展關(guān)系人民身體健康和家庭幸福，我們要克服一切困難，把這個(gè)世界性難題解決好。
We will accelerate the reform and development of the pharmaceutical and healthcare fields. We will actively yet prudently carry forward the reform of the pharmaceutical and healthcare systems, and comprehensively accomplish five key tasks. We will continue to expand the coverage of guaranteed basic medical care. This year we will raise government subsidies on basic medical insurance for non-working urban residents and on the new type of rural cooperative medical care system to 120 yuan per person per year, up 50% over last year, and appropriately increase rates for individual contributions. We will carry out a pilot program for ensuring that rural children with leukemia or congenital heart disease receive medical treatment and provide more assistance to these less fortunate children and their families. We will install the basic drug system in 60% of the community medical institutions run by the government and urge other medical institutions to give high priority to the use of basic drugs. We will promote the centralized purchase and unified distribution of basic drugs. We will basically complete the plan for building community medical institutions in urban and rural areas, undertake personnel education and training on a large scale, and further improve the policies and measures for supporting the development of village clinics and rural doctors. We will improve the mechanism for subsidizing community medical institutions and link salaries to performance. We will carry out a pilot program for making community medical institutions the first option in medical treatment and work to create a service system in which hospitals and community medical institutions (each with its own well-defined functions) coordinate and collaborate with each other and refer cases to each other. We will strengthen prevention and control of influenza A (H1N1) and other major communicable diseases as well as chronic, occupational, and endemic diseases, and enhance our ability to handle public health emergencies. We will carry out a pilot reform of public hospitals; maintain the non-profit nature of basic medical services; make institutional and procedural innovations; boost the morale of medical workers; raise the quality of service; control medical costs; and improve relations between medical service providers and consumers. We will energetically support the use of non-government capital to run medical and healthcare institutions, and such institutions will be treated the same as public hospitals in obtaining operating licenses and providing medical services covered by the public medical insurance system. We will support and promote the development of traditional Chinese medicine and folk medicines of ethnic minorities. The reform and development of the pharmaceutical and healthcare fields affects the health of the people and the happiness of their families; therefore, we must overcome all difficulties and solve this universal problem.
做好人口和計(jì)劃生育工作。繼續(xù)穩(wěn)定低生育水平。做好流動(dòng)人口計(jì)劃生育服務(wù)工作。落實(shí)好農(nóng)村婦女婦科疾病定期檢查和住院分娩補(bǔ)助政策。加強(qiáng)出生缺陷干預(yù)，開展免費(fèi)孕前優(yōu)生健康檢查試點(diǎn)，做好孕產(chǎn)婦和嬰幼兒保健工作。繼續(xù)實(shí)施農(nóng)村部分計(jì)劃生育家庭獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)扶助制度和西部地區(qū)少生快富工程。切實(shí)保護(hù)好婦女和未成年人權(quán)益。加強(qiáng)應(yīng)對人口老齡化戰(zhàn)略研究，加快建立健全養(yǎng)老社會(huì)服務(wù)體系，讓老年人安享晚年生活。
We will do a good job in population and family planning work. We will continue to maintain a low birthrate. We will provide good family planning services for the floating population. We will provide regular gynecological examinations and subsidize hospital childbirths for rural women. We will strengthen intervention in birth defects; carry out a pilot program of free pre-pregnancy checkups; and provide quality health services for infants, pre-school children, and prenatal and nursing women. We will continue to reward and support eligible rural families that comply with family planning regulations, and carry out the "lower birthrate equals faster prosperity" project in the western region. We will take effective measures to protect the rights and interests of women and minors. We will intensify strategic research on coping with an aging population and move more quickly to create a sound system of old-age services so that people can live a happy life in their old age.
