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V. Promoting Sound and Rapid Development of the National Economy
To attain the objectives for economic development, it is essential to significantly accelerate the transformation of the development pattern and improve the socialist market economy. We need to vigorously push forward strategic economic restructuring and make greater efforts to improve China's capacity for independent innovation as well as energy and environmental conservation, and to enhance the overall quality of the economy and its international competitiveness. We need to deepen our understanding of the laws governing the socialist market economy, introduce institutions to give better play to the basic role of market forces in allocating resources, and form a system of macroeconomic regulation conducive to scientific development.
1. Enhance China's capacity for independent innovation and make China an innovative country. This is the core of our national development strategy and a crucial link in enhancing the overall national strength. We need to keep to the path of independent innovation with Chinese characteristics and improve our capacity for independent innovation in all areas of modernization. We need to conscientiously implement the Outline of the National Program for Long- and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development (2006-20), increase spending on independent innovation, and make breakthroughs in key technologies vital to our economic and social development. We will speed up forming a national innovation system and support basic research, research in frontier technology and technological research for public welfare. We will step up our efforts to establish a market-oriented system for technological innovation, in which enterprises play the leading role and which combines the efforts of enterprises, universities and research institutes, and guide and support the concentration of factors of innovation in enterprises, thereby promoting the translation of scientific and technological advances into practical productive forces. We will deepen reform of the system for managing science and technology, optimize the allocation of relevant resources, and improve the legal guarantee, policy system, incentive mechanism and market conditions to encourage technological innovation and the application of scientific and technological achievements in production. We will implement the strategy for intellectual property rights. We will make the best use of international resources of science and technology. We will continue to create conditions conducive to innovation, work to train world-class scientists and leaders in scientific and technological research, attach great importance to training innovative personnel in the frontline of production, inspire the creative wisdom of the whole society and bring forth large numbers of innovative personnel in all areas.
2. Accelerate transformation of the mode of economic development and promote upgrading of the industrial structure. This is a pressing strategic task vital to the national economy as a whole. We must keep to the new path of industrialization with Chinese characteristics, pursue the policy of boosting domestic demand, particularly consumer demand, and propel three transitions in the mode of economic growth: the transition from relying mainly on investment and export to relying on a well coordinated combination of consumption, investment and export, the transition from secondary industry serving as the major driving force to primary, secondary and tertiary industries jointly driving economic growth, and the transition from relying heavily on increased consumption of material resources to relying mainly on advances in science and technology, improvement in the quality of the workforce and innovation in management. We will develop amodern industrial system, integrate IT application with industrialization, push our large industries to grow stronger, invigorate the equipment manufacturing industry, and eliminate outdated production capacities. We will upgrade new- and high-technology industries and develop information, biotechnology, new materials, aerospace, marine and other industries. We will develop the modern service industry and raise the level of the service sector and its share in the economy. We will step up efforts to improve basic industries and infrastructure and accelerate development of a modern energy industry and a comprehensive transport system. We will ensure the quality and safety of products. We will encourage formation of internationally competitive conglomerates.
3. Balance urban and rural development and build a new socialist countryside. As resolution of issues concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers has an overall impact on building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, we must always make it a top priority in the work of the whole Party. We will strengthen the position of agriculture as the foundation of the national economy, take a path of agricultural modernization with Chinese characteristics,set up a permanent mechanism of industry promoting agriculture and urban areas helping rural areas, and form a new pattern that integrates economic and social development in urban and rural areas. We will continue to take developing modern agriculture and invigorating the rural economy as a primary task, strengthen infrastructure in rural areas, and improve the system of rural markets and that of services for agriculture. We will increase policy measures to support and benefit agriculture, rural areas and farmers, strictly protect arable land, increase spending on agriculture, promote advances in agriculture-related science and technology, and improve overall agricultural production capacity to ensure food security for the nation. We will intensify efforts to prevent and control animal and plant epidemic diseases and improve the quality and safety of agricultural products. To increase farmers' income, we will develop rural enterprises, expand county economies, and transfer rural labor out of farming through various channels. We will enhance poverty reduction through development. We will deepen the comprehensive rural reform, promote reform and innovation in the rural banking system, and reform the system of collective forest rights. We will uphold the basic system for rural operations, stabilize and improve land contract relations, improve the market for transferring land contract and management rights in accordance with the law and on a voluntary and compensatory basis, and develop various forms of appropriate large-scale operations where conditions permit. We will explore effective forms of collective economic operations, develop specialized farmers' cooperatives, and support the industrialized operation of agriculture and the development of leading agribusinesses. We will train a new type of farmers who are educated and understand both agricultural techniques and business management, and encourage hundreds of millions of farmers to play the major role in building a new countryside.
4. Improve energy, resources, ecological and environmental conservation and enhance China's capacity for sustainable development. Adhering to the basic state policy of conserving resources and the environment is vital to the immediate interests of the people and the survival and development of the Chinese nation. We must give prominence to building a resource-conserving, environment-friendly society in our strategy for industrialization and modernization and get every organization and family to act accordingly. We will improve laws and policies to promote energy, resources, ecological and environmental conservation, and speed up the formation of systems and mechanisms for sustainable development. We will implement the responsibility system for conserving energy and reducing emissions. We willdevelop and extend advanced and appropriate technologies for conserving, substituting and recycling energy and resources and for controlling pollution, develop clean and renewable energy sources, protect land and water resources and set up a scientific, rational system for using energy and resources more efficiently. We will develop environmental conservation industries. We will increase spending on energy and environmental conservation with the focus on intensifying prevention and control of water, air and soil pollution and improving the living environment for both urban and rural residents. We will improve water conservancy, forestry and grasslands, intensify efforts to bring desertification under control and prevent the spread of stony deserts, and promote restoration of the ecosystems. We will enhance our capacity to respond to climate change and make new contributions to protecting the global climate.
5. Promote balanced development among regions and improve the pattern of land development. To narrow the gap in development among regions, we must work to ensure their equal access to basic public services and guide a rational flow of factors of production between regions. Following the general strategy for regional development, we will continue to carry out large-scale development of the western region, rejuvenate northeast China and other old industrial bases in an all-round way, boost the development of the central region and support the eastern region in taking the lead in development. We will strengthen land planning, improve policies for regional development and adjust the geographical distribution of economic operations in accordance with the requirement to form development priority zones. In compliance with the laws governing the market economy, we will work beyond administrative divisions to form a number of close-knit economic rims and belts that will provide a strong impetus to the development of other areas. In locating major projects, we must give full consideration to supporting development of the central and western regions and encourage the eastern region to help them develop. We will give more support to the development of old revolutionary base areas, ethnic autonomous areas, border areas and poverty-stricken areas. We will help transform the economies of areas where natural resources are exhausted. We will have the special economic zones, the Pudong New Area in Shanghai and the Binhai New Area in Tianjin play a major role in reform, opening up and independent innovation. Taking a path of urbanization with Chinese characteristics, we will promote balanced development of large, medium-sized and small cities and towns on the principle of balancing urban and rural development, ensuring rational distribution, saving land, providing a full range of functions and getting larger cities to help smaller ones. Focusing on increasing the overall carrying capacity of cities, we will form city clusters with mega cities as the core so that they can boost development in other areas and become new poles of economic growth.
6. Improve the basic economic system and the modern market system. We need to uphold and improve the basic economic system in which public ownership is dominant and different economic sectors develop side by side, unwaveringly consolidate and develop the public sector of the economy, unswervingly encourage, support and guide the development of the non-public sector, ensure equal protection of property rights, and create a new situation in which all economic sectors compete on an equal footing and reinforce each other. We will deepen the reform to introduce the corporate and shareholding systems in state-owned enterprises, improve the modern corporate structure and optimize the distribution and structure of the state sector of the economy to enhance its dynamism, dominance and influence. We will deepen the reform of monopoly industries by introducing competition, and strengthen government regulation and public oversight of them. We will accelerate development ofa budget system for managing state capital and improve systems and regulations for managing all types of state assets. We will press ahead with the reform of collectively-owned enterprises and develop various forms of collective and cooperative economic operations. We will promote equitable market access, improve the financing environment and remove institutional barriers in order to promote development of individually-owned businesses and private companies as well as small and medium-sized enterprises. We will develop the economic sector of mixed ownership based on the modern system of property rights. We will accelerate the formation of a modern market system that is unified and open and that allows orderly competition, develop markets for factors of production, improve the pricing mechanism for factors of production and resources to reflect changes in market supply and demand, resource scarcities and environmental costs, regulate and develop industry associations and market-based intermediaries, and improve the social credibility system.
7. Deepen fiscal, taxation and financial restructuring and improve macroeconomic regulation. We will improve the public finance system as we work to ensure equal access to basic public services and establish development priority zones. We need to deepen reform of the budget system, tighten budgetary management and oversight, improve the system whereby both the central and local governments have financial resources proportionate to their duties and responsibilities, accelerate the establishment of a unified, standardized and transparent system for transfer payments, enlarge the size and proportion of general transfer payments, and increase input in public services. We will improve fiscal systems at and below the provincial level to enhance the capacity of county and township governments to provide public services. We will adopt fiscal and taxation systems conducive to scientific development and set up sound compensation systems for use of resources and for damage to the ecological environment. We will proceed with financial reforms to develop various types of financial markets and build a modern financial system that is inclusive of different forms of ownership and different ways of operation and that features a reasonable structure, complete functions, efficiency and security. We will make our banking, securities and insurance industries more competitive. We will improve the structure of the capital market and raise the proportion of direct financing through multiple channels.We will strengthen financial supervision and control, and forestall and defuse financial risks. We will improve the RMB exchange rate regime and gradually make the RMB convertible under capital accounts. We will deepen reform of the investment system and improve and strictly enforce market access rules. We will improve the state planning system. We will give play to the guiding role of national development plans, programs and industrial policies in macroeconomic regulation and combine the use of fiscal and monetary policies to improve macroeconomic regulation.
8. Expand opening up in scope and depth and improve our open economy. Adhering to the basic state policy of opening up, we will better integrate our "bring in" and "go global" strategies, expand the areas of opening up, optimize its structure, raise its quality, and turn our open economy into one in which domestic development and opening to the outside world interact and Chinese businesses and their foreign counterparts engage in win-win cooperation, and one that features security and efficiency, in order to gain new advantages for China in international economic cooperation and competition amid economic globalization. We will deepen the opening up of coastal areas, accelerate that of inland areas and upgrade that of border areas, so that opening up at home and opening to the outside world will promote each other. We will expedite transformation of the growth mode of foreign trade, stress quality, adjust the mix of imports and exports, promote transformation and upgrading of processing trade, and energetically develop service trade. We will make innovations in the way of using foreign capital, improve the structure of foreign investment utilized, and let the use of foreign capital play a positive role in facilitating independent innovation, industrial upgrading and balanced development among regions. We will make innovations in our way of overseas investment and cooperation, support domestic enterprises in carrying out international operations of R&D, production and marketing, and accelerate the growth of Chinese multinational corporations and Chinese brand names in the world market. We will vigorously carry out mutually beneficial international cooperation in energy and resources. We will implement a strategy of free trade zones and expand bilateral and multilateral trade and economic cooperation. We will adopt comprehensive measures to maintain a basic equilibrium in the balance of payments. We must guard against international economic risks.
By ensuring sound and rapid growth of the economy, we will further enhance China's economic strength, and enable our socialist market economy to exhibit its great vitality.
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五、促進國民經濟又好又快發展
實現未來經濟發展目標，關鍵要在加快轉變經濟發展方式、完善社會主義市場經濟體制方面取得重大進展。要大力推進經濟結構戰略性調整，更加注重提高自主創新能力、提高節能環保水平、提高經濟整體素質和國際競爭力。要深化對社會主義市場經濟規律的認識，從制度上更好發揮市場在資源配置中的基礎性作用，形成有利于科學發展的宏觀調控體系。
（一）提高自主創新能力，建設創新型國家。這是國家發展戰略的核心，是提高綜合國力的關鍵。要堅持走中國特色自主創新道路，把增強自主創新能力貫徹到現代化建設各個方面。認真落實國家中長期科學和技術發展規劃綱要，加大對自主創新投入，著力突破制約經濟社會發展的關鍵技術。加快建設國家創新體系，支持基礎研究、前沿技術研究、社會公益性技術研究。加快建立以企業為主體、市場為導向、產學研相結合的技術創新體系，引導和支持創新要素向企業集聚，促進科技成果向現實生產力轉化。深化科技管理體制改革，優化科技資源配置，完善鼓勵技術創新和科技成果產業化的法制保障、政策體系、激勵機制、市場環境。實施知識產權戰略。充分利用國際科技資源。進一步營造鼓勵創新的環境，努力造就世界一流科學家和科技領軍人才，注重培養一線的創新人才，使全社會創新智慧競相迸發、各方面創新人才大量涌現。
（二）加快轉變經濟發展方式，推動產業結構優化升級。這是關系國民經濟全局緊迫而重大的戰略任務。要堅持走中國特色新型工業化道路，堅持擴大國內需求特別是消費需求的方針，促進經濟增長由主要依靠投資、出口拉動向依靠消費、投資、出口協調拉動轉變，由主要依靠第二產業帶動向依靠第一、第二、第三產業協同帶動轉變，由主要依靠增加物質資源消耗向主要依靠科技進步、勞動者素質提高、管理創新轉變。發展現代產業體系，大力推進信息化與工業化融合，促進工業由大變強，振興裝備制造業，淘汰落后生產能力；提升高新技術產業，發展信息、生物、新材料、航空航天、海洋等產業；發展現代服務業，提高服務業比重和水平；加強基礎產業基礎設施建設，加快發展現代能源產業和綜合運輸體系。確保產品質量和安全。鼓勵發展具有國際競爭力的大企業集團。
（三）統籌城鄉發展，推進社會主義新農村建設。解決好農業、農村、農民問題，事關全面建設小康社會大局，必須始終作為全黨工作的重中之重。要加強農業基礎地位，走中國特色農業現代化道路，建立以工促農、以城帶鄉長效機制，形成城鄉經濟社會發展一體化新格局。堅持把發展現代農業、繁榮農村經濟作為首要任務，加強農村基礎設施建設，健全農村市場和農業服務體系。加大支農惠農政策力度，嚴格保護耕地，增加農業投入，促進農業科技進步，增強農業綜合生產能力，確保國家糧食安全。加強動植物疫病防控，提高農產品質量安全水平。以促進農民增收為核心，發展鄉鎮企業，壯大縣域經濟，多渠道轉移農民就業。提高扶貧開發水平。深化農村綜合改革，推進農村金融體制改革和創新，改革集體林權制度。堅持農村基本經營制度，穩定和完善土地承包關系，按照依法自愿有償原則，健全土地承包經營權流轉市場，有條件的地方可以發展多種形式的適度規模經營。探索集體經濟有效實現形式，發展農民專業合作組織，支持農業產業化經營和龍頭企業發展。培育有文化、懂技術、會經營的新型農民，發揮億萬農民建設新農村的主體作用。
（四）加強能源資源節約和生態環境保護，增強可持續發展能力。堅持節約資源和保護環境的基本國策，關系人民群眾切身利益和中華民族生存發展。必須把建設資源節約型、環境友好型社會放在工業化、現代化發展戰略的突出位置，落實到每個單位、每個家庭。要完善有利于節約能源資源和保護生態環境的法律和政策，加快形成可持續發展體制機制。落實節能減排工作責任制。開發和推廣節約、替代、循環利用和治理污染的先進適用技術，發展清潔能源和可再生能源，保護土地和水資源，建設科學合理的能源資源利用體系，提高能源資源利用效率。發展環保產業。加大節能環保投入，重點加強水、大氣、土壤等污染防治，改善城鄉人居環境。加強水利、林業、草原建設，加強荒漠化石漠化治理，促進生態修復。加強應對氣候變化能力建設，為保護全球氣候作出新貢獻。
（五）推動區域協調發展，優化國土開發格局。縮小區域發展差距，必須注重實現基本公共服務均等化，引導生產要素跨區域合理流動。要繼續實施區域發展總體戰略，深入推進西部大開發，全面振興東北地區等老工業基地，大力促進中部地區崛起，積極支持東部地區率先發展。加強國土規劃，按照形成主體功能區的要求，完善區域政策，調整經濟布局。遵循市場經濟規律，突破行政區劃界限，形成若干帶動力強、聯系緊密的經濟圈和經濟帶。重大項目布局要充分考慮支持中西部發展，鼓勵東部地區帶動和幫助中西部地區發展。加大對革命老區、民族地區、邊疆地區、貧困地區發展扶持力度。幫助資源枯竭地區實現經濟轉型。更好發揮經濟特區、上海浦東新區、天津濱海新區在改革開放和自主創新中的重要作用。走中國特色城鎮化道路，按照統籌城鄉、布局合理、節約土地、功能完善、以大帶小的原則，促進大中小城市和小城鎮協調發展。以增強綜合承載能力為重點，以特大城市為依托，形成輻射作用大的城市群，培育新的經濟增長極。
（六）完善基本經濟制度，健全現代市場體系。堅持和完善公有制為主體、多種所有制經濟共同發展的基本經濟制度，毫不動搖地鞏固和發展公有制經濟，毫不動搖地鼓勵、支持、引導非公有制經濟發展，堅持平等保護物權，形成各種所有制經濟平等競爭、相互促進新格局。深化國有企業公司制股份制改革，健全現代企業制度，優化國有經濟布局和結構，增強國有經濟活力、控制力、影響力。深化壟斷行業改革，引入競爭機制，加強政府監管和社會監督。加快建設國有資本經營預算制度。完善各類國有資產管理體制和制度。推進集體企業改革，發展多種形式的集體經濟、合作經濟。推進公平準入，改善融資條件，破除體制障礙，促進個體、私營經濟和中小企業發展。以現代產權制度為基礎，發展混合所有制經濟。加快形成統一開放競爭有序的現代市場體系，發展各類生產要素市場，完善反映市場供求關系、資源稀缺程度、環境損害成本的生產要素和資源價格形成機制，規范發展行業協會和市場中介組織，健全社會信用體系。
（七）深化財稅、金融等體制改革，完善宏觀調控體系。圍繞推進基本公共服務均等化和主體功能區建設，完善公共財政體系。深化預算制度改革，強化預算管理和監督，健全中央和地方財力與事權相匹配的體制，加快形成統一規范透明的財政轉移支付制度，提高一般性轉移支付規模和比例，加大公共服務領域投入。完善省以下財政體制，增強基層政府提供公共服務能力。實行有利于科學發展的財稅制度，建立健全資源有償使用制度和生態環境補償機制。推進金融體制改革，發展各類金融市場，形成多種所有制和多種經營形式、結構合理、功能完善、高效安全的現代金融體系。提高銀行業、證券業、保險業競爭力。優化資本市場結構，多渠道提高直接融資比重。加強和改進金融監管，防范和化解金融風險。完善人民幣匯率形成機制，逐步實現資本項目可兌換。深化投資體制改革，健全和嚴格市場準入制度。完善國家規劃體系。發揮國家發展規劃、計劃、產業政策在宏觀調控中的導向作用，綜合運用財政、貨幣政策，提高宏觀調控水平。
（八）拓展對外開放廣度和深度，提高開放型經濟水平。堅持對外開放的基本國策，把“引進來”和“走出去”更好結合起來，擴大開放領域，優化開放結構，提高開放質量，完善內外聯動、互利共贏、安全高效的開放型經濟體系，形成經濟全球化條件下參與國際經濟合作和競爭新優勢。深化沿海開放，加快內地開放，提升沿邊開放，實現對內對外開放相互促進。加快轉變外貿增長方式，立足以質取勝，調整進出口結構，促進加工貿易轉型升級，大力發展服務貿易。創新利用外資方式，優化利用外資結構，發揮利用外資在推動自主創新、產業升級、區域協調發展等方面的積極作用。創新對外投資和合作方式，支持企業在研發、生產、銷售等方面開展國際化經營，加快培育我國的跨國公司和國際知名品牌。積極開展國際能源資源互利合作。實施自由貿易區戰略，加強雙邊多邊經貿合作。采取綜合措施促進國際收支基本平衡。注重防范國際經濟風險。
實現國民經濟又好又快發展，必將進一步增強我國經濟實力，彰顯社會主義市場經濟的強大生機活力。
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