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Scientists: Sleepy students perform worse
(AP)
Updated: 2005-11-11 15:34
Staying up an hour or two past bedtime makes it far harder for kids to learn,
say scientists who deprived youngsters of sleep and tested whether their
teachers could tell the difference. They could.
If parents want their children to thrive academically, "Getting them to sleep
on time is as important as getting them to school on time," said psychologist
Gahan Fallone, who conducted the research at Brown Medical School.
The study, unveiled Thursday at an American Medical Association science
writers meeting, was conducted on healthy children who had no evidence of sleep-
or learning-related disorders.
Difficulty paying attention was among the problems the sleepy youngsters
faced — raising the question of whether sleep deprivation could prove even worse
for people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD.
Fallone now is studying that question, and suspects that sleep problems
"could hit children with ADHD as a double whammy."
Sleep experts have long warned that Americans of all ages don't get enough
shuteye. Sleep is important for health, bringing a range of benefits that, as
Shakespeare put it, "knits up the raveled sleave of care." Not getting enough is
linked to a host of problems, from car crashes as drivers doze off to crippled
memory and inhibited creativity.
But exactly how much sleep correlates with school performance is hard to
prove.
So Brown researchers set out to test whether teachers could detect problems
with attention and learning when children stayed up late — even if the teachers
had no idea how much sleep their students actually got.
They recruited 74 6- to 12-year-olds from Rhode Island and southern
Massachusetts for the three-week study.
For one week, the youngsters went to bed and woke up at their usual times.
They already were fairly good sleepers, getting nine to 9.5 hours of sleep a
night.
Another week, they were assigned to spend no fewer than 10 hours in bed a
night. And another week, they were kept up later than usual: First- and
second-graders were in bed no more than eight hours and the older children no
more than 6.5 hours.
In addition to parents' reports, the youngsters wore motion-detecting wrist
monitors to ensure compliance.
Teachers weren't told how much the children slept or which week they stayed
up late, but rated the students on a variety of performance measures each week.
The teachers reported significantly more academic problems during the week of
sleep deprivation, the study, which will be published in the journal Sleep in
December, concluded.
Students who got eight hours of sleep or less a night were more forgetful,
had the most trouble learning new lessons, and had the most problems paying
attention, reported Fallone, now at the Forest Institute of Professional
Psychology in Springfield, Mo.
Sleep has long been a concern of educators.
Consider: Potter-Burns Elementary School in Pawtucket, R.I., sends notes to
parents reminding them to make sure students get enough sleep prior to the
school's yearly achievement testing. Principal John Haidemenos considers it
important enough to include in the school's monthly newsletters, too.
"Definitely there is an impact on students' performance if they come to
school tired," he said.
But the findings may change physician practice, said Dr. Regina Benjamin, a
family physician in Bayou La Batre, Ala., who reviewed the data at the
Thursday's AMA meeting.
"I don't ask about sleep" when evaluating academically struggling students,
she noted. "I'm going to start."
So how much sleep do kids need? Recommended amounts range from about 10 to 11
hours a night for young elementary students to 8.5 hours for teens.
Fallone insists that his own second-grader get 10 hours a night, even when it
meant dropping soccer the season that practice didn't start until 7:30 — too
late for her to fit in dinner and time to wind down before she needed to be
snoozing.
"It's tough," he acknowledged. But "parents must believe in the importance of
sleep."
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