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Woman tractor driver breaks new ground
At 73, Liang Jun still has a booming resonance in her voice and a hearty laugh. Already retired for 14 years, she lives a relaxed life in an old apartment building in Harbin, the capital of Northeast China's Heilongjiang Province. The furnishing in the old apartment is almost Spartan, old but very clean.
But the routine in her life that is not the least bit like routine, but that she absolutely never misses is going to the rehearsals of the Harbin Women Model Workers' Chorus. "I don't feel old when I sing the old songs," said Liang. The old songs were those popular in the 1950s. And the old songs bring back those earlier days of the People's Republic, when young women like Liang made history by entering professions and trades that no Chinese women had ever ventured into before. Liang was the first woman in China to drive a tractor - a Hotbull Lanz model manufactured in Germany. Born in 1931 into a poverty-stricken peasant family, Liang was sent to live and work in a nearby landlord's family as a child bride when she was 12. Before she went, she made a daring request of her new family: She wanted to go to school. "I believed that I wouldn't get bullied if I learned to read and write," she recalled. Her dream was fulfilled in May 1947, when Heilongjiang came under the rule of the Communist government. The new local people's government opened a teacher's school in Dedu County where she lived. Children from poor families, including Liang, were enrolled.
She said she remembers one Soviet film better than all the others, one featuring a woman protagonist who learned to drive a "fire plough," which was the local nickname for a tractor. "Her name was Basha. When World War II broke out, her husband and children were killed by the German army. She then drove a tank, using the skills she learned driving a tractor, and led the villagers in the fight against the Germans," Liang recalled. "I was deeply moved by her courage." In February 1948, the school decided to send three students to a tractor-driver training school nearby. Liang persuaded the principal of the school to let her go. When she and the two boys also chosen arrived at the training school after walking 50 kilometres, the head of the training school was surprised to see Liang. Liang clearly remembers their encounter that day and his first words: "What are you doing here? How can you, a girl, learn to drive a tractor?" She answered him: "Why not? Men and women are the same. Let me try." She further recalls saying to him that he could always ask for a replacement if she didn't work out. So Liang stayed. She was the only woman trainee in a class of 70 students. She was attentive and worked hard, and in two months she not only learned how to drive the "fire plough," but to repair it as well. She was wildly happy every time she climbed on the Hotbull Lanz and drove it. News about this first Chinese woman tractor driver soon spread and Liang became a role model for many aspiring young women like herself. On March 8, 1950, Tian Guiying, daughter of a poor family that made their living by fishing, became the first woman in China to drive a railroad locomotive, on the line between Dalian and Lushun, in Northeast China's Liaoning Province. Tian was the head of an all-women train crew for more than 30 years. Two years later on the same day (March 8, 1952), a squadron of women pilots teamed up to fly over Tian'anmen Square. The 26 women were the first women to get their pilots' wings in China.
Before 1949, only a tiny percentage of women were employed in such professions. But by 1958, 8.1 million women had permanent professional or industrial jobs in government, educational and scientific institutions, hospitals, and in transportation, postal and other sectors, quadrupling the figure of six years earlier. In June 1950, Liang organized an 11-member women's tractor team to work on the farm. In 1951, she came to Beijing for further study of agricultural machinery. Upon graduating with a college degree in the mid-1950s, she worked first as an engineer, then headed a number of factories making or repairing farming machines. In May 1990, she retired. She has three sons and celebrated her golden wedding last year. Though she lives in relative obscurity nowadays, her name is a part of the history of the People's Republic. In 1958, the People's Bank of China had the third set of renminbi (RMB) banknotes designed. The one yuan denomination features a woman tractor driver, an engraving based on an photographic image of Liang. The set of RMB banknotes is now much sought after by collectors, as it has largely been withdrawn from circulation. |
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