Thirteen years after construction began on the Three Gorges Dam on China's
biggest river, work on the project often compared to the Great Wall in its scale
is nearly complete.
The first pickaxe fell in 1993, when access roads were built to the site on
the 6,360-kilometer-long (3,940-mile) Yangtze River that runs from the Himalayan
plateau in Tibet to the East China Sea near Shanghai.
"We are going to finish one year early. At the end of 2008, it will be
completed," said Huang Hongyong, an official in charge of the project, as he
proudly gestured towards the 2.3-kilometer length of the dam.
Besides generating massive hydroelectricity, the dam has been designed to
control the flooding that has through the ages repeatedly laid waste to farms,
towns and cities along the middle reaches of the river.
"The first goal of this dam was flood control," explained Qin Xixiang,
assistant chief engineer of the China Yangtze Three Gorges Project Corporation,
which owns the dam.
"Before, we might statistically suffer a flood every 10 years. Now, it will
be every 100 years," said Qin.
And if the construction of the gorge has required the huge evacuation of 1.13
million people, supporters of the project argue that it is for the
protection of 15 million others.
In this rather dry period, the central spillway, flanked by the two sets of
turbines and giant generators, is quiet.
But this tranquility masks the power of the Yangtze, which varies from a flow
of 9,000 cubic meters (315,000 cubic feet) per second to 80,000, or even 110,000
per second.
The river is also capable of flooding out tens of thousands of people:
145,000 victims in 1931, 142,000 dead in 1935 and 33,000 in 1954.
This litany of disasters gave rise to the idea of taming the Yangtze quite
early on, with Sun Yat-sen, the founder of the Republic of China, first
envisaging it in 1918.
But it was not until the start of the 1990s that former premier Li Peng
pushed the project through the National People's Congress despite widespread
opposition from environmental groups and academics.
China had begun a period of stellar economic growth, was hungry for energy
and desperately needed new resources.
The Three Gorges project was originally planned to produce nearly 83 billion
kilowatt hours of electricity per year, transmitted over a radius of one
thousand kilometers.
On the left bank, 14 sets of 700 megawatt turbine and generator units are
already in operation. Next to them is a ship lift, which can hoist vessels of
3,000 tons.
"Ships will be able to sail up to Chongqing (600 kilometers further west)
from now on instead of being stranded downstream in the dry season." Qin said.
"Economically, it was vital."
On the right bank, 12 further 700 megawatt units are still under construction
and installation.
At the heart of the gorge, workers are busy around the excavations which will
accommodate the turbines, each 25 meters in diameter.
About 8,000 people, spread over a wide area, are still working on the
project, which at its peak employed 30,000 people.
With a capacity already equivalent to Itaipu, situated on the border of
Brazil and Paraguay and currently the largest operating hydro-electric dam in
the world, the Three Gorges will eventually overshadow all others.
Between now and the end of the year, a new tender process will be held for
adding a new power station with a set of six more 700 megawatt generators,
underground and next to that of the right bank.
The dam will hence become "the biggest in the world", according to the China
Yangtze Three Gorges Project Corporation.