China has drafted its first regulation on human organ transplants amid
growing calls from national lawmakers for fast legislation to help better
regulate the sector and facilitate donations.
Minister of Health Gao Qiang said the regulation involves technical codes and
criteria for human organ transplants.
"It mainly aims to strengthen the regulation of organ transplants from the
perspective of medical science and medical services," he told China Daily on the
sidelines of the on-going annual session of the National People's Congress
(NPC).
The regulation, now open to advice and suggestions from medical experts, will
be submitted to the Legislative Affairs Office of the State Council for final
approval.
Sources said the regulation would ban human organ sales and introduce, for
the first time in China, a set of medical standards on brain death.
Once enacted, the regulation is expected to help introduce more regulation
and order to the organ transplant sector.
The ministry's move, however, still falls short of the expectation of
national lawmakers who have been pushing for legislation on organ transplants
since 1986.
NPC deputy Chen Haixiao, a surgeon with Taizhou Hospital in East China's
Zhejiang Province, strongly complained about the lack of legislative progress in
regulating human organ transplants.
"I understand it is not easy to formulate a law and it will take time," he
told China Daily. "But the legislation on human organ transplants and donations
is too slow anyway."
At last year's NPC session, Chen and another 100 deputies put forward three
motions urging for legislation on organ donation.
In December last year, the NPC Standing Committee, which handles the
legislative work, replied that the time was still not right for starting the
legislation.
"We suggest related departments of the State Council actively organize
research about legislation on human organ transplants and consider formulating
the law when the time is right," it said at the time.
But Chen warned that a legislation process that is too slow may cause more
problems, especially when the human organ transplant sector is badly regulated
in China.
Poor regulation has led to excessive waste of medical resources, as well as
poor medical practices in organ transplants, he said.
In China the transplants of human organs involve about 20 organs, such as
kidneys and livers.
Statistics suggest that at least 2 million patients in China need organ
transplants each year, but only up to 20,000 transplants can be conducted
because of a shortage of donated organs.
The huge gap between supply and demand has prompted some people to organize
organ sales in China for huge profits, Chen said.
Concept of brain death
The NPC deputy went on to say that China's failure to adopt the concept of
brain death has greatly hindered the development in organ transplants.
So far, more than 189 member states of the United Nations have clinically
practised the concept of brain death, which is defined as the irreversible loss
of all functions of the brain.
But China still practises the traditional concept of cardiac death, which
means a person is considered dead only when his or her heartbeat and breathing
stop.
Practising the concept of cardiac death causes the loss of blood in organs of
a brain-dead person, making them unfit to be used for transplants.
Chen, however, acknowledged that the Chinese people's ingrained traditional
concept of death and their religion does hinder their acceptance of the concept
of brain death and the practice of donating organs.
Traditionally, the Chinese people hold that the body of the dead should be
kept intact.
Chen predicted that the concept of brain death and cardiac death may co-exist
in the country and allow the public to choose either of them as the standard for
determining death.
"As organ transplant and donation is both a medical and ethical issue, we
need to raise public awareness about it," Chen said.
"In that sense, the earlier we start the legislation, the better."
(China Daily 03/13/2006 page3)