Beneath the biting wind sweeping across the coalrich regions of Shanxi province lies a testament to unspeakable brutality. At 92, Qian Kuibao's voice trembles not with age alone, but with the weight of memories. His scarred scalp tells a story that words cannot fully capture — a story of survival from one of Datong's mass graves, where the bodies of tens of thousands of Chinese miners were dumped during the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-45).

"I was badly injured, unconscious. The Japanese threw me, still breathing, into the mass grave near the Chenghuang Temple at Silaogou mine," Qian says of his memory back to the winter of 1941.

"It was deep winter. Freezing, near death, I crawled out when they left. I collapsed on the miners' path. That's where Qian Ziming found me." Rescued by a kindhearted miner from Hebei province, Qian Kuibao, once known as Wang Jiuxiang, adopted his savior's surname, bearing witness for those who perished.

His survival was a grim miracle. "Of the 300 fellow villagers crammed into that train carriage with my family … only my cousin and I lived past that Chinese New Year," he says. "I do not live for myself. I live for those 300. I live for the tens of thousands of people killed by the Japanese. As long as I breathe, I will tell this truth."

About 18 kilometers southwest of Datong, within the somber confines of the Datong Mass Graves Memorial, a complex of the coal pits that were used as dumping sites, the scale of the horror crystallizes. Guide Wang Ruoyun, whose childhood was shaped by school visits to the site, gestures toward the haunting exhibits.

"From 1937 to 1945, the invaders looted coal at any human cost," she says. "They seized more than 14 million metric tons of coal (in Datong). The price was over 60,000 miners' lives. For every 1,000 tons torn from the earth, four men died," she says