"Those eight months were peak travel season, a rough estimate of how much income I lost is around 50,000 yuan," says He.

In 2018, the 1,806 residents that lived in the core area of Erhai Lake nature reserve were required to move out, and some buildings were demolished. He found part of his homestay was inside the boundary of the reserve, so he had to demolish part of his courtyard and house totaling 156 square meters.

But this time, He found it easier to accept the loss. "I got to know the government's plan to build an ecological corridor, a natural waterfront, lined with trees, grass, ditches and wetland, which would allow the pollutants from the rain-wash or the runoff from the fields to be retained at the lake shore. I know it will help to greatly improve water quality.

"Although we have suffered a few times over the years, with the improving water quality, more travelers come to Erhai Lake, and my business is getting better," says He.

According to Wang Xinze, a professor at Shanghai Jiaotong University's Dali Research Institute, to improve Erhai Lake's water quality, they first considered the lake itself, cancelling powerboats and fishponds. Then they sought to control pollution in the drainage area. Now they focus on how people's lifestyles influence the lake.

"An important question we need to consider is how to find a way to make people live in harmony with the lake, so that it can be protected without impacting the development of economy in the watershed area," he adds.

"In recent years, water quality of Erhai Lake has fluctuated between grade II and grade III. Our goal is to have it remain at grade II all the year round. Currently we get that for seven months, and the remaining five are grade III. Although we have done a lot of work, we still need more time to achieve our goal," says Wang.

Recalling the past, He says, "I have experienced most of the measures put in place to protect Erhai over the past 38 years. It was really hard for me to give up my boat, remove the pond and demolish houses, but considering that they can help protect Erhai Lake, which will be beneficial to our offspring, I believe my sacrifices are worthwhile. I can see Erhai is cleaner than before, so our life will get better."

Chen Yuehua contributed to this story.