Climate change research

A wide range of scientific research will be conducted at Taishan Station, including monitoring of the ecosystem and meteorological observations. The pattern of changes in sea ice is a sensitive indicator of global climate change and the environment. In addition, the team will also undertake research into glaciology, astronomy, atmospheric chemistry, geology and marine biology.

"Antarctica, the most intact, undeveloped continent, contains endless science enigmas, and it plays a crucial role in research into global climate change", said Zhao Yong, who was the leader at Zhongshan Station during the 27th Chinese National Antarctic Expedition in 2010.

Most of the research is usually carried out during the Antarctic summer because when winter arrives, environmental constraints mean that many research projects have to be suspended. However, the "wintering over" scientists will remain at the research stations to collect data relating to meteorological observations, the tides, geomagnetism and global positioning satellites, according to Zhao.

While conducting their research, the Chinese scientists strictly observe the rules stipulated in the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty. "Every one of us is keenly aware of the need to protect the Antarctic environment," said Zhao. "Those who go outside to smoke always take along a little glass jar to put their cigarette butts in."

Equipment to reduce carbon emissions has also been incorporated into Taishan Station. The three other Antarctic stations rely on diesel thermal power, which is generated through the use of diesel fuel. That means they are reliant on external fuel deliveries, which are extremely expensive, and the fuel is limited.

Instead, the Taishan Station will use wind and solar power systems as efficient energy sources capable of heating the rooms to around 20 C. The station is also equipped with a simple bathroom and a kitchen, amenities that provide previously unknown facilities such as regular showers. In the past, the team members were restricted to just one shower a month, and even that was considered something of a luxury

Qu said plans are in the pipeline to build a fifth Chinese Antarctic station, near the Ross Sea, which is relatively close to the South Pole. Upon its completion, China will have three stations facing oceans: the Pacific, the Atlantic and the Indian.